基于分子生物学的微生物修复技术在石油污染环境中的应用

The application of molecular biology-based microbial remediation technologies in petroleum polluted environments

摘要:

日益增长的人类活动和工业生产带来的石油污染已成为严重的环境问题。微生物修复技术绿色环保，在石油污染修复中备受关注。分子生物学技术的应用使微生物修复技术发生了迅猛变革，并为高效降解菌剂的开发提供了资源，但目前还存在物种注释结果不够全面和精确、检测灵敏度有限等缺点。其他微生物修复技术在提高石油污染物的降解效率以及减少其对环境的危害等方面也具有相当大的潜力，特别是生物表面活性剂和生物刺激剂，修复周期较短，修复成本相对较低，在未来可以大规模应用。另外，分子生物学与其他微生物修复技术的结合成为降解石油污染物的有效工具。本文总结了分子生物学手段在石油污染环境中的应用，梳理了近年来微生物修复石油污染方法的研究进展，讨论了现有微生物修复技术的修复效果，并对未来微生物修复技术的发展方向进行了展望。

Abstract:

Owing to human activities and industrial production, petroleum pollution has become a serious environmental issue. Microbial remediation technology, characterized by its eco-friendly characteristics, has drawn significant attention in petroleum pollution remediation. The application of molecular biology technology has led to a drastic revolution in microbial remediation technology, providing resources for the development of highly efficient degrading agents. However, limitations such as the lack of precision in species annotation and the limited detection sensitivity still exist. Other microbial remediation technologies also have substantial potential in enhancing the degradation efficiency of petroleum pollutants and reducing their environmental harm, especially biosurfactants and bio-stimulants, which offer relatively shorter remediation periods and lower costs, promising large-scale application in the future. Moreover, the combination of molecular biology and other microbial remediation technologies may become an effective tool for petroleum pollutant degradation. This review summarized the application of molecular biology methods in petroleum polluted environments, reviewed the recent research progress on microbial remediation techniques for petroleum-contaminated sites, discussed the remediation effects of these microbial remediation techniques, and proposed the future development direction of microbial remediation technology.