多功能生物材料蛛丝蛋白的一级结构特征和生物合成进展

Primary structure characterization and biosynthesis of spider silk proteins for multifunctional biomaterials

摘要:

蜘蛛丝是已知复合性能最强的天然纤维，兼具极高的抗拉伸强度与韧性，有着“生物钢”之美誉，且具有优良的生物相容性和形状记忆性能，在生物医药、组织工程等多个领域有着巨大的应用潜力。蜘蛛丝由一类富有结构多样性的高分子蛛丝蛋白所组成，天然蛛丝蛋白基因GC含量高、重复核心区氨基酸序列高度重复、特定氨基酸含量高以及分子量大等特点给其异源表达带来了较大的困难。本文重点阐述了蛛丝蛋白重复单元中重复核心区特征基序与其结构、纺丝性能和异源表达之间的相关性。对重组蛛丝蛋白的序列进行优化设计，结合异源表达策略，极大地促进了多功能蛛丝蛋白生物合成的发展。本综述可为重组蛛丝蛋白的理性设计与高效合成提供思路。

Abstract:

Spider silk is a natural fiber known as "biosteel" with the strongest composite performance, such as high tensile strength and toughness. It is also equipped with excellent biocompatibility and shape memory ability, thus shows great potential in many fields such as biomedicine and tissue engineering. Spider silk is composed of macromolecular spidroin with rich structural diversity. The characteristics of the primary structure of natural spidroin, such as the high repeatability of amino acids in the core repetitive region, the high content of specific amino acids, the large molecular weight, and the high GC content of the spidroin gene, have brought great difficulties in heterologous expression. This review discusses focuses on the relationship between the featured motifs of the microcrystalline region in the repetitive unit of spidroin and its structure, as well as the spinning performance and the heterologous expression. The optimization design for the sequence of spidroin combined with heterologous expression strategy has greatly promoted the development of the biosynthesis of spider silk proteins. This review may facilitate the rational design and efficient synthesis of recombinant spidroin.