辅因子S-腺苷-L-甲硫氨酸甲基类似物及其应用

Synthesis and application of the methyl analogues of S-adenosyl-L-methionine

摘要:

甲基化在生物学过程中发挥着重要作用。S-腺苷-L-甲硫氨酸(S-adenosyl-L-methionine, SAM)作为一种广泛存在于生命体中的辅因子，是大多数生物甲基化反应的甲基供体。SAM依赖型甲基转移酶(methyltransferases, MTase)通过将甲基从SAM分子特异性转移到底物，从而改变底物分子的各种理化性质和生物活性。近年来，许多具有替代甲基取代基的SAM类似物被合成并应用于甲基转移酶，以将不同修饰的基团特异性地转移到甲基转移酶的底物上，从而引入标记官能团或者新的烷基修饰。本文主要综述了近年来该领域不同SAM甲基类似物在合成和应用方面取得的进展，并对这一领域未来的研究方向进行展望。

Abstract:

Methylation plays a vital role in biological systems. SAM (S-adenosyl-L-methionine), an abundant cofactor in life, acts as a methyl donor in most biological methylation reactions. SAM-dependent methyltransferases (MTase) transfer a methyl group from SAM to substrates, thereby altering their physicochemical properties or biological activities. In recent years, many SAM analogues with alternative methyl substituents have been synthesized and applied to methyltransferases that specifically transfer different groups to the substrates. These include functional groups for labeling experiments and novel alkyl modifications. This review summarizes the recent progress in the synthesis and application of SAM methyl analogues and prospects for future research directions in this field.