人工神经导管原材料选择与功能设计的研究进展

Advances in the raw material selection and functional design of artificial nerve guidance conduits

摘要:

人工神经导管（nerve guidance conduits，NGCs）作为一种合成的神经移植物，为神经再生提供结构与营养支持。理想的神经导管对生物相容性、机械强度、拓扑结构和导电性等均有较高要求，因此需对神经导管的设计不断改进并建立更完善的周围神经再生策略，以期满足临床需求。虽然NGCs在周围神经损伤的治疗中已经取得一定进展，但其对长距离神经离断伤的结构与功能修复仍不理想。本文分别从原材料选择、结构设计、治疗因子搭载及自供电元件集成4个方面对神经导管的设计进行综述，归纳总结NGCs在周围神经损伤治疗中的研究进展，以期推动NGCs的迭代更新与临床转化。

关键词:人工神经导管;周围神经损伤;生物材料;拓扑结构;神经再生;组织工程

Abstract:

Artificial nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) are synthetic nerve grafts that are capable of providing the structural and nutritional support for nerve regeneration. The ideal NGCs have plenty of requirements on biocompatibility, mechanical strength, topological structure, and conductivity. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously improve the design of NGCs and establish a better therapeutic strategy for peripheral nerve injury in order to meet clinical needs. Although current NGCs have made certain process in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury, their nerve regeneration and functional outcomes on repairing long-distance nerve injury remain unsatisfactory. Herein, we review the nerve conduit design from four aspects, namely raw material selection, structural design, therapeutic factor loading and self-powered component integration. Moreover, we summarize the research progress of NGCs in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury, in order to facilitate the iterative updating and clinical transformation of NGCs.

Key words:artificial nerve guidance conduits;peripheral nerve injury;biomaterials;topological structure;nerve regeneration;tissue engineering