单链抗体展示系统研究进展

Single chain antibody fragment display systems: a review

摘要:

单链抗体(single chain antibody fragment, scFv)是由抗体重链可变区(variable region of heavy chain, VH)和轻链可变区(variable region of light chain, VL)通过柔性短肽连接组成的小分子，是具有完整抗原结合活性的最小功能片段，包含抗体识别及抗原结合部位。相比于其他抗体，scFv具有分子量小、穿透性强、免疫原性弱、易构建表达等优点。目前，scFv最常用的展示系统主要有噬菌体展示系统、核糖体展示系统、mRNA展示系统、酵母细胞表面展示系统和哺乳动物细胞展示系统等。近年来，随着scFv在医学、生物学、食品安全学等领域的发展，使得其在生物合成和应用研究方面备受关注。本文对近年来scFv展示系统的研究进展作一综述，以期为scFv的筛选及应用提供理论基础。

Abstract:

Single chain antibody fragment (scFv) is a small molecule composed of a variable region of heavy chain (VH) and a variable region of light chain (VL) of an antibody, and these two chains are connected by a flexible short peptide. scFv is the smallest functional fragment with complete antigen-binding activity, which contains both the antibody-recognizing site and the antigen-binding site. Compared with other antibodies, scFv has the advantages of small molecular weight, strong penetration, low immunogenicity, and easy expression. Currently, the most commonly used display systems for scFv mainly include the phage display system, ribosome display system, mRNA display system, yeast cell surface display system and mammalian cell display system. In recent years, with the development of scFv in the field of medicine, biology, and food safety, they have also attracted much attention in the sectors of biosynthesis and applied research. This review summarizes the advances of scFv display systems in recent years in order to facilitate scFv screening and application.