甲醇生物转化合成化学品的研究进展

Advances in biotransformation of methanol into chemicals

摘要:

甲醇来源丰富、价格低廉，已成为生物制造行业极具吸引力的底物之一。构建微生物细胞工厂实现甲醇到增值化学品的生物转化，具有过程绿色、条件温和、产品体系多样等优势，不仅能拓展基于甲醇的产品链，还能缓解当前生物制造“与民争粮、与粮争地”的问题，是实现绿色生物制造的重要手段。因此，阐明不同天然甲基营养菌中涉及甲醇氧化、甲醛同化和异化途径对于后续基因工程改造工作至关重要，也更有利于构建新型非天然甲基营养菌。本文讨论了甲基营养菌中甲醇代谢途径的研究现状，并结合近年来天然和人工合成甲基营养菌在甲醇生物转化中的应用进展及面临的挑战。

Abstract:

Methanol has become an attractive substrate for the biomanufacturing industry due to its abundant supply and low cost. The biotransformation of methanol to value-added chemicals using microbial cell factories has the advantages of green process, mild conditions and diversified products. These advantages may expand the product chain based on methanol and alleviate the current problem of biomanufacturing, which is competing with people for food. Elucidating the pathways involving methanol oxidation, formaldehyde assimilation and dissimilation in different natural methylotrophs is essential for subsequent genetic engineering modification, and is more conducive to the construction of novel non-natural methylotrophs. This review discusses the current status of research on methanol metabolic pathways in methylotrophs, and presents recent advances and challenges in natural and synthetic methylotrophs and their applications in methanol bioconversion.