聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯水解酶研究进展

Advances in poly(ethylene terephthalate) hydrolases

摘要:

塑料自20世纪首次合成以来给人类生活带来了极大的便利。然而，塑料稳定的高分子结构导致了塑料废弃物的持续堆积，对生态环境和人类健康均造成严重威胁。聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯[poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET]是产量最高的一种聚酯类塑料，近年来PET水解酶的相关研究展现出生物酶法对塑料进行降解、回收的巨大潜力，也为塑料生物降解机制研究建立了参考范例。本文综述了不同微生物来源的PET水解酶及其PET降解能力，阐述了最具代表性的PET水解酶—IsPETase降解PET的催化机理，并总结了近年来通过酶工程改造而获得的高效降解酶，为未来的PET降解机制研究、PET高效降解酶的进一步挖掘和改造提供参考。

Abstract:

Plastics have brought invaluable convenience to human life since it was firstly synthesized in the last century. However, the stable polymer structure of plastics led to the continuous accumulation of plastic wastes, which poses serious threats to the ecological environment and human health. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is the most widely produced polyester plastics. Recent researches on PET hydrolases have shown great potential of enzymatic degradation and recycling of plastics. Meanwhile, the biodegradation pathway of PET has become a reference model for the biodegradation of other plastics. This review summarizes the sources of PET hydrolases and their degradation capacity, degradation mechanism of PET by the most representative PET hydrolase—IsPETase, and recently reported highly efficient degrading enzymes through enzyme engineering. The advances of PET hydrolases may facilitate the research on the degradation mechanism of PET and further exploration and engineering of efficient PET degradation enzymes.