塑料生物降解检测方法的研究进展

Advances in methods for detecting plastics biodegradation

摘要:

塑料处理不当造成的污染问题已成为全球性难题。目前的解决办法除回收利用与使用可生物降解塑料替代之外，最主要途径仍是寻求高效的塑料降解方法。其中，采用微生物或酶处理塑料的方法因其具有条件温和、不产生次生环境污染的优势而受到越来越多的关注。塑料生物降解技术的核心是高效解聚微生物/酶，然而当前的分析检测方法无法满足塑料生物降解资源的高效筛选，因此开发准确、快速的塑料降解过程分析方法，对于生物降解资源筛选和降解效能评价具有重要意义。本文介绍了近年来在塑料生物降解领域的常用分析检测技术，包括高效液相色谱、红外光谱、凝胶渗透色谱以及透明圈测定等，重点讨论了荧光分析策略在快速表征塑料生物降解过程中的应用，为进一步规范塑料生物降解过程的表征与分析研究，以及开发更高效的塑料生物降解资源筛选方法提供借鉴。

Abstract:

The pollution caused by improper handling of plastics has become a global challenge. In addition to recycling plastics and using biodegradable plastics, an alternative solution is to seek efficient methods for degrading plastics. Among them, the methods of using biodegradable enzymes or microorganisms to treat plastics have attracted increasing attention because of its advantages of mild conditions and no secondary environmental pollution. Developing highly efficient depolymerizing microorganisms/enzymes is the core for plastics biodegradation. However, the current analysis and detection methods cannot meet the requirements for screening efficient plastics biodegraders. It is thus of great significance to develop rapid and accurate analysis methods for screening biodegraders and evaluating biodegradation efficiency. This review summarizes the recent application of various commonly used analytical techniques in plastics biodegradation, including high performance liquid chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and determination of zone of clearance, with fluorescence analysis techniques highlighted. This review may facilitate standardizing the characterization and analysis of plastics biodegradation process and developing more efficient methods for screening plastics biodegraders.