肺成体干细胞体外培养模型的研究进展

Advances of in vitro culture models derived from lung adult stem cells

摘要:

目前，肺体外培养模型有肺类器官和肺芯片两种主要手段。肺类器官是离体的肺上皮干细胞在体外特定的三维培养环境中生长，自发形成具有自我更新能力的干细胞簇并成功分化出功能细胞。肺芯片是利用人工活性膜为细胞提供组织分层结构，模拟微环境和机械力的仿生微流体芯片。由于原有二维培养模式缺乏精确的微结构和功能，组织体外培养模型作为模拟肺部发育、稳态、损伤和再生机制的研究工具，为肺部纤维化、癌症等疾病的探索提供了新的手段和可能。本文就肺成体干细胞两种体外培养模型的分类、研发历史、建立方法、实际应用、优缺点等方面进行综述，期望为器官移植和再生、药物筛选等应用提供参考。

关键词:肺;类器官;器官芯片;自我更新;分化

Abstract:

Due to the lack of precise microstructure and functions of the two-dimensional culture model, the in vitro culture models of lung organoids and lung-on-chips, as two main research tools to mimic lung development, homeostasis, injury, and regeneration, allow further exploration of pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, and other diseases. Lung organoid refers to isolated lung epithelial stem cells growing in a three-dimensional environment in vitro to form mini-clusters of cells that self-renew, self-reorganize, and differentiate into functional cell types. Based on the microfluidic chip technology, lung-on-chips use porous flexible membrane made of poly to provide tissue-layered structures for cells and simulate microenvironment and mechanical forces. We reviewed the classification, research and development history, establishment methods, practical applications, advantages and disadvantages of two main in vitro culture models derived from lung adult stem cells, hoping to provide a reference for organ transplantation and regeneration and drug screening.

Key words:lung;organoid;organ-on-chip;self-renewing;differentiation