革兰氏阳性菌细胞外囊泡的研究现状

The extracellular vesicles from gram-positive bacteria:a review

摘要:

细胞外囊泡(EVs),也称为膜小泡,是真核细胞和细菌分泌的囊泡状小体。它通过携带蛋白质、DNA、RNA和各种代谢物进行细胞间物质的交流传递。根据内容物的不同发挥不同的生理功能,如传递营养物质、参与免疫反应、治疗癌症等。目前大多数研究专注于真核细胞和革兰氏阴性菌囊泡的探索,而对革兰氏阳性菌中分泌的囊泡研究较少。这篇综述总结了目前对于革兰氏阳性细菌EVs的产生、内容物成分、生理功能、改造等方面的研究成果,并探讨了未来革兰氏阳性菌囊泡需研究的关键领域。

Abstract:

Extracellular vesicles (EVs),also known as membrane vesicles,are vesicular bodies secreted by eukaryotic cells and bacteria.EVs can carry proteins,DNA,RNA,and various metabolites for the exchange and transmission of substances between cells.They play contents-dependent physiological functions,such as delivering nutrients,participating in immune response,and treating cancers.Currently,most studies focus on the exploration of vesicles secreted by eukaryotic cells and gram-negative bacteria,while few studies focus on gram-positive bacteria.This review summarized the production,content composition,physiological function,and engineering of EVs secreted by gram-positive bacteria,and prospected future perspectives in this area.