微生物水泥相关酶的研究进展

Advances of enzymes related to microbial cement

摘要:

微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积（microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation，MICP）是微生物通过新陈代谢在其周围微环境中形成碳酸钙沉积的一种自然现象，根据其原理目前研发出了“微生物水泥”。因其具有绿色环保、经济高效的特点，已成为生物、土木、环境等领域的研究热点。文中就与微生物水泥密切相关的关键酶——脲酶、碳酸酐酶的研究进展进行了系统综述，主要包括两种酶的基因、蛋白结构、调控机制、工程菌的构建以及脲酶与碳酸酐酶在MICP过程中的协同关系等，并对MICP未来的发展作出展望。在现有研究基础上，借助生物信息学、合成生物学等前沿技术，开发能适应广泛环境、高性能的生物水泥，这将开启MICP研究的一个新阶段。

Abstract:

Microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) refers to the natural biological process of calcium carbonate precipitation induced by microbial metabolism in its surrounding environment. Based on the principles of MICP, microbial cement has been developed and has received widespread attention in the field of biology, civil engineering, and environment owing to the merits of environmental friendliness and economic competence. Urease and carbonic anhydrase are the key enzymes closely related to microbial cement. This review summarizes the genes, protein structures, regulatory mechanisms, engineering strains and mutual synergistic relationship of these two enzymes. The application of bioinformatics and synthetic biology is expected to develop biocement with a wide range of environmental adaptability and high performance, and will bring the MICP research to a new height.