成蛋白 (Formin): 植物细胞形态与发育的重要调控者

Formins: the key regulators of plant cell morphology and development

摘要:

成蛋白 (Formin) 广泛存在于真菌、植物和动物等真核生物中，它们在调控肌动蛋白的聚合、协调肌动蛋白与微管之间的协同作用、决定细胞生长和形态等过程中发挥着决定性作用。一般认为，与真菌、动物不同，植物成蛋白家族结构在进化中因基因进化事件形成了植物特有的两类成蛋白家族，其中Ⅱ类成蛋白主要负责细胞极性生长，而Ⅰ类成蛋白可能调控细胞的膨胀。近年来，随着相关领域研究的深入，植物两类成蛋白在细胞内行使的功能也逐渐被阐明，而最近的研究结果也表明简单地根据蛋白结构对成蛋白的功能进行分类是不恰当的。据此，文中重点归纳了成蛋白结构域的组成与其对应功能，总结了成蛋白在代表性植物中的作用机理和最近研究进展，并就目前植物成蛋白研究中尚未解决的问题和尚未探索的领域进行了分析，最后对未来的植物成蛋白的研究方向提出了相关建议。

Abstract:

Formins are widely distributed in eukaryotes such as fungi, plants and animals. They play crucial roles in regulating the polymerization of actin, coordinating the synergistic interactions between actin and microtubules, and determining cell growth and morphology. Unlike formins from fungi and animals, plant formins have been evolved into two plant-specific types. Generally, type Ⅱ formins are believed to regulate the polarized growth of cells, and type Ⅰ formins may regulate the cell expansion and division processes. Recent studies on the function of plant formins suggest it is inappropriate to classify the function of formins purely based on their structures. This review summarizes the domain organization of formins and their corresponding functions, as well as the underpinning mechanisms. Furthermore, the unsolved or unexplored issues along with future perspectives on plant formins are proposed and discussed.