石油烃生物降解过程的研究进展

Advances in biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons

摘要:

石油烃污染物属于难降解混合物，生物修复已经成为石油烃污染环境的主要修复方法。文中简述了微生物对石油烃的间期适应过程和转运过程，并通过对部分典型石油烃成分的微生物降解机理和代谢路径的梳理和综述，阐释了石油烃生物降解过程中的菌株、基因、代谢路径等研究进展。此外，利用基因工程和代谢工程等手段，可对野生型石油烃降解菌进行改造，进一步提升其对石油烃污染环境的生物修复能力。最后，从石油烃降解菌的代谢途径改造、人工混菌体系的设计构建等角度，结合合成生物学和代谢工程的手段，提出了对石油烃降解的研究展望，以期提升对石油烃污染物的生物修复效果。

Abstract:

Petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants are difficult to be degraded, and bioremediation has received increasing attention for remediating the hydrocarbon polluted area. This review started by introducing the interphase adaptation and transport process of hydrocarbon by microbes. Subsequently, the advances made in the identification of hydrocarbon-degrading strains and genes as well as elucidation of metabolic pathways and underpinning mechanisms in the biodegradation of typical petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants were summarized. The capability of wild-type hydrocarbon degrading bacteria can be enhanced through genetic engineering and metabolic engineering. With the rapid development of synthetic biology, the bioremediation of hydrocarbon polluted area can be further improved by engineering the metabolic pathways of hydrocarbon-degrading microbes, or through design and construction of synthetic microbial consortia.