植物多酚的微生物合成

Microbial synthesis of plant polyphenols

摘要:

植物多酚属于苯丙烷衍生物，包括酚酸类、茋类、姜黄素类和黄酮类等。它们具有抗氧化、扩血管、抗血凝、抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗病毒等生理药理活性，在医药、食品、化妆品、化工等领域具有巨大的应用市场。微生物具有生长快、培养简单、可工业化等优点，成为异源合成天然产物的重要宿主。近年来，合成生物学的发展促进了植物天然产物的微生物合成，并取得了实质性进展。文中综述了植物多酚代谢途径在工程大肠杆菌、酿酒酵母等微生物中的构建、表达和产物合成现状，讨论了提高产量的前体工程、动态调控、共培养等优化策略，并就未来的多酚途径工程提出展望。

Abstract:

Plant polyphenols are phenylpropanoid derivatives including phenolic acids, stilbenes, curcumins and flavonoids. These compounds display a variety of biological and pharmacological activities such as antioxidation, vasorelaxation, anti-coagulation, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor and anti-virus, conferring a huge application potential in the sectors of drugs, foods, cosmetics, and chemicals. Microorganisms have become important hosts for heterologous synthesis of natural products due to the advantages of fast growth, easiness of culture and industrial operation. In recent years, the development of synthetic biology has boosted the microbial synthesis of plant natural products, achieving substantial progress. In this review, we summarize the synthesis of plant polyphenols in engineered Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other microorganisms equipped with the designed biosynthetic pathways of polyphenols. We also discuss the optimization strategies such as precursor engineering, dynamic regulation, and co-cultivation to improve the production of polyphenols and propose future prospects for polyphenol pathway engineering.