体内连续进化技术的研究进展

Recent advances of continuous in vivo evolution

摘要:

实验室进化是遗传育种、提高微生物性能的重要方式。近几十年来，实验室进化的方法快速发展，应用也越来越广泛，但是常见的菌株进化策略以及针对特定蛋白的进化存在突变过程不连续，需要多轮操作、工作量大等缺点。微生物突变和筛选技术的进步促进了体内连续进化的发展，大大提高了实验室进化的效率。体内连续进化技术实现了体内突变，完美地把突变与筛选相结合，以最少的人工干预进化出特定表型。文中总结了近年来在微生物底盘中开发的基因组范围的体内连续进化技术，以及独立于基因组的针对特定蛋白的体内连续进化技术，主要对这些技术实现体内连续突变的原理及其相关应用进行了介绍。在此基础上，分析了现有技术的优缺点，并对体内连续进化技术的发展进行了展望。

Abstract:

Laboratory evolution is an important approach to improve the performance of microorganisms. In the past decades, the methods for laboratory evolution have developed rapidly and applied widely. However, the commonly used evolution strategies for strains or specific proteins cannot achieve continuous mutation, and require multiple rounds of operation, therefore they are considered as a labor intensive process. The development of mutation and screening technologies have facilitated the development of continuous evolution in vivo and greatly improved the efficiency of laboratory evolution. The continuous in vivo evolution achieves in vivo mutation, perfectly combining mutation with screening to evolve a specific phenotype with minimal human intervention. This review summarizes the recent advances of in vivo continuous evolution technologies for either genome-scale mutation or evolution of specific proteins. The principles of these technologies and their applications are introduced. On this basis, the advantages and limitations of these technologies are discussed. We also give a perspective of future development of continuous in vivo evolution.