基因编辑技术发展现状

Current development of gene editing

摘要:

鉴于以CRISPR/Cas9为代表的基因编辑技术在可操作性、经济性和时效性上取得的革命性突破，以及国内外对此技术的研发和应用现状，中国有可能在基因编辑技术的下游技术研发 (特别是植物基因编辑的应用)、专业公司孵化等方面取得突破。因此分析目前中国基因编辑技术发展的关键需求、潜在应用领域就显得尤为迫切和必要。采用问卷调查和计量方法对基因编辑技术发展的关键技术需求和最潜在应用领域进行研究。首先建立有序多分类Logistic回归模型并进行因变量分析，通过显著性检验在4个方面共24个问卷问题中选择8个存在显著因果关系的自变量，然后基于有序多分类Logistic回归模型，分析8个问题中不同选项对基因编辑技术发展的具体影响作用。调查结果表明多数基因编辑领域的研究人员认为在注重基因编辑基础技术研发的同时应更多地关注如何进行技术产业化，要注重在植物领域发展潜在竞争优势；促进我国基因编辑技术发展不仅需要科研机构参与，更需要包括高校、政府在内的多方力量协同作用；正确引导公众的基因编辑技术舆论认识和建立安全规范体系较为迫切；技术风险规避的重点应放在生物武器和生物恐怖、基因编辑相关传染病、物种基因改变对生态环境的潜在风险等方面。

Abstract:

As the breakthrough in gene editing, represented by CRISPR/Cas9, gene manipulations now are more maneuverable, economically feasible and time saving. It is possible for China to catch an overtaking in researching and industrializing of downside sections (especially the application of plant gene editing), also the incubation of professional companies in gene editing fields. For this consideration, it is necessary and urgent to find the key demands and potential application for gene editing in China. Questionnaire and statistic analysis were carried out to find the key demands and the most potential application fields of the development for gene editing. Firstly, an ordered multi-classification Logistic regression model was established following with dependent variable analysis. Eight out of 24 questionnaires questions in 4 categories were regarded as independent variables with significance test. Then, regression model based on ordered multi-classification logistic method was established to analyze the specific impact of different options on the development of gene editing. The results showed that most researchers in the field of gene editing take the view that development of potential competitive advantages lies in the field of plant science. The results also showed that major gene editing experts believe more attention should be paid on how to carry out technology industrialization while focusing on basic technology development, as well as the development of potential competitive advantages of gene editing technology in plant field. To promote the development of gene editing in China, not only the participation of scientific research institution was needed, but also the synergy of various forces both universities and governments. It is urgent both properly guiding public opinion on gene editing and establishing a national safety standard system. At the same time, the key point of technology risk avoidance should be put on biological weapons and bioterrorism, gene editing related infectious disease, and the potential risk of species genetic change on the ecological environment, etc.