环境抗生素污染的微生物修复进展

Progress in microbial remediation of antibiotic-residue contaminated environment

摘要:

近年来随着抗生素在畜牧业、水产养殖业以及医疗行业的广泛应用，大量抗生素通过排泄物进入环境，导致我国大面积水体及土壤环境中抗生素残留量急剧增高。环境中不同种类的抗生素的残留导致微生物种群结构失衡，对生态环境及人类造成极大危害。因此，解决抗生素残留问题是21世纪新型环境污染物领域的一个重要课题。已有研究显示，一些微生物能够以抗生素为碳源生存，可用于降解环境中残留抗生素，但人们对微生物降解抗生素的降解机制了解较少。文中概括了近十年来抗生素降解菌株和菌群对抗生素的去除情况，以及应用微生物菌群处理抗生素残留的技术方法，同时对未来利用微生物修复法减少环境中抗生素残留进行了展望。

Abstract:

In recent years, antibiotics have been widely used in animal husbandry, aquaculture and the medication in China. Many antibiotics are discharged into the environment, resulting in dramatic increase of antibiotic residues in domestic water and soil. Residues of different antibiotics in the environment change the microbial structure, which is extremely harmful to the ecological environment and humans. Therefore, remediation of antibiotic contamination is significantly important. Studies have shown that some microorganisms can degrade and utilize antibiotics, and thus have good application prospects on bioremediation of antibiotic contamination. However, little is known about the microbial degradation mechanism of antibiotics. This article summarizes the removal of antibiotics by antibiotic-degrading strains and bacterial flora in recent ten years, and the methods of using microbial flora to treat antibiotic residues. The future prospect of using microbial remediation to reduce antibiotic residues in the environment has also been discussed.