体外多酶分子机器的现状和最新进展

In vitro multi-enzyme molecular machines – a review

摘要:

体外多酶分子机器遵循所设计的多酶催化路径，将若干种纯化或部分纯化的酶元件进行合理的优化与适配，高效地在体外将特定的底物转化为目标化合物。体外多酶分子机器反应系统呈现元件化和模块化的特点，在设计、组装和调控方面具有较高的自由度。近年来，体外多酶分子机器在实现反应过程的精准调控和提高产品得率方面的优势逐渐体现，展示了其在生物制造领域重要的应用潜力。对体外多酶分子机器的相关研究已成为合成生物学的一个重要分支领域，日益受到广泛的关注。文中系统地综述了基于酶元件/模块的体外多酶分子机器的构建策略，以及改善该分子机器中酶元件/模块之间适配性的研究进展，并分析了该生物制造平台的发展前景与挑战。

Abstract:

In vitro multi-enzyme molecular machines that follow the designed multi-enzyme pathways, require the rational optimization and adaptation of several purified or partially purified enzyme components, in order to convert certain substrates into target compounds in vitro in an efficient manner. This type of molecular machine is component-based and modularized, so that its design, assembly, and regulation processes are highly flexible. Recently, the advantages of in vitro multi-enzyme molecular machines on the precise control of reaction process and the enhancement of product yield have suggested their great application potential in biomanufacturing. Studies on in vitro multi-enzyme molecular machines have become an important branch of synthetic biology, and are gaining increasing attentions. This article systematically reviews the enzyme component-/module-based construction strategy of in vitro multi-enzyme molecular machines, as well as the research progress on the improvement of compatibility among enzyme components/modules. The current challenges and future prospects of in vitro multi-enzyme molecular machines are also discussed.