mRNA表观修饰方式及m6A功能研究进展

Progress in epigenetic modification of mRNA and the function of m6A modification

摘要:

mRNA上能发生100多种化学修饰，其中N6-腺嘌呤 (m6A) 是mRNA修饰中最广泛的表观修饰方式之一。在细胞分化、胚胎发育和应激等生物学过程中，特定的mRNA会发生包括N1-腺嘌呤甲基化、N5-胞嘧啶甲基化、假尿嘧啶以及N6-腺嘌呤甲基化等修饰，它们共同形成了mRNA转录后调控的表观修饰转录组，实现对mRNA翻译成蛋白质过程的精确时空调控，特别是m6A修饰能通过调控mRNA的代谢和翻译等进而调控细胞的一系列生物学过程。文中主要综述mRNA的表观修饰类型和特点，特别是m6A修饰参与调控mRNA和细胞生物学功能的最新研究进展，并展望了将来m6A表观修饰的研究重点和方向。

Abstract:

Messenger RNA (mRNA) can be modified by more than 100 chemical modifications. Among these modifications, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most prevalent modifications. During the processes of cells differentiation, embryo development or stress, m6A can be modified on key mRNAs and regulate the progress of cells through modulating mRNA metabolism and translation. Other mRNA modifications, including N1-methyladenosine (m1A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C) and pseudouridine, together with m6A form the epitranscriptome of mRNA that accurately modulate the mRNA translation. Here we review the types and characteristic of mRNA epigenetic modifications, especially the recent progresses of the function of m6A, we also expect the main research direction of m6A epigenetic modification in the future.