食品动物养殖环境中细菌耐药性研究进展

Antibiotic resistance in environment of animal farms

摘要:

抗生素耐药性被世界卫生组织认为是21世纪人类面临的最大的公共卫生安全问题之一。近年来，抗生素耐药基因作为一种新型污染物而受到广泛关注。养殖场现已成为耐药基因的一个重要储库，耐药菌及耐药基因随着动物排泄物进入环境，从而加速了耐药基因在环境中的传播。畜禽养殖环境中耐药基因和耐药菌可能经食物链、空气等途径传至人类，给人类健康带来巨大威胁。文中结合最新文献，主要介绍了动物养殖场抗菌药物耐药菌和耐药基因的分布特点、耐药基因的持留和传播扩散、研究方法等方面的研究进展，为食品动物养殖环境的抗菌药物耐药性风险评估提供一定支持。

Abstract:

World Health Organization has recognized antibiotic resistance is one of the serious threats to public health and food-safety in the 21st century. Recently, the antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) has been widely considered as a new pollutant. Now, many studies suggested that animal farm is one of the major reservoirs of ARGs. Antibiotic resistance bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes enter the environment along with animal excrement, accelerating the spread of ARGs in the environment. In the livestock and poultry breeding environment, ARGs and antibiotic resistant bacteria could be transmitted to humans through the food chain, water or air, posing a great threat to public health. This review highlights the prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistant genes in livestock-breeding environment, the retention and spread of ARGs and the method used to study the antibiotic resistance, which will provide certain support for risk assessment of antimicrobial resistance in food animal breeding environment.