小球藻高附加值生物活性物质“小球藻热水提取物”的研究现状与展望

Research status and prospect on hot water extract of Chlorella: the high value-added bioactive substance from Chlorella

摘要:

小球藻是一种食用历史久、营养丰富的微藻功能食品，其中蛋白核小球藻已于2012年被我国批准为新资源食品，并成为国内外正在大力发展与培育的微藻能源及微藻固碳这一战略性新兴产业的主要藻种之一。在积累油脂的同时，小球藻自身还能合成高附加值生物活性物质，其合理利用可平衡微藻能源的高成本。小球藻热水提取物 (CE)，即商业上宣称的“小球藻生长因子 (CGF)”，是小球藻有别于其他微藻的主要生物活性物质，在促进生长、调节免疫等方面具有良好功效，且市场售价高。但迄今，有关CE的认识尚不清晰，尚未见CE方面的系统评述。本文对近年来CE的活性研究状况进行了系统的文献调查与梳理，综述了CE在增强免疫、抑制肿瘤、改善代谢综合征、清除自由基、抵御紫外损伤、螯合重金属以及保肝护肠等多个方面的功效，并分析了CE活性研究中存在的问题及CE的发展前景。

Abstract:

Chlorella is nutritious and has been used as a functional food much earlier than the other microalgae. C. pyrenoidosa, the potential microalgae which is currently cultured and developed for the new strategic industry of biofuels production and biological CO2 fixation, is a new resource food announced by the Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China late 2012. Accumulation of high value-added substances in C. pyrenoidosa during the cultivation for lipid makes it possible to reduce the costs for C. pyrenoidosa-based biofuels production. Among these potential substances, hot water extract of Chlorella (CE), commercially known as “Chlorella growth factor”, is the unique one that makes Chlorella more precious than the other algae, and the market price of CE is high. It is believed that CE is effective in growth promotion and immunoregulation. However, there is no systematic analysis on the research status of CE and its bioactivity. The present report summarized recent research progress of CE and its bioactivity. Generally, besides the main effect on immunoregulation and tumor inhibition, CE was efficient in improving metabolic syndrome, scavenging for free radicals, protecting against ultraviolet damage, chelating heavy metals, and protecting liver and bowel. Several major challenges in CE research as well as its prospects were also analysed in the present report.