腺病毒感染及胞内运输途径的研究进展

Progress in infection pathway and intracellular trafficking of adenovirus

摘要:

目前关于腺病毒感染及胞内运输的分子机制研究主要来源于C亚群腺病毒在肿瘤细胞系中的研究结果。腺病毒对靶细胞的感染及胞内运输大致分为几步：病毒与细胞表面受体的特异结合，胞吞介导的病毒内化，病毒逃脱胞内体进入细胞质，病毒沿着微管运输至核孔，病毒基因组入核。病毒胞内运输效率极高，感染后1 h，80 %以上的病毒基因组被送至核内。但是腺病毒胞内的运输方式会因以下几个因素变化而产生差异：靶细胞类型，细胞生理状态，病毒血清型。文中对腺病毒感染靶细胞及胞内运输的已有分子机制进行综述，为临床基因治疗用途的病毒载体研发提供思路。

Abstract:

The research on intracellular trafficking of adenovirus has been described mainly through observations of subgroup C adenoviruses in transformed cell lines. The basic elements of the trafficking pathway include binding to receptors at the cell surface, internalization by endocytosis, lysis of the endosomal membrane, escape to the cytosol, intracellular trafficking along microtubules, nuclear pore docking, and viral genome translocation into the nucleus. More than 80% of the adenovirus genome is delivered to the nucleus in a highly efficient manner in approximately 1 h. However, exceptions to this trafficking pattern have been noted, including: variations based on target cell type, cell physiology, and adenovirus serotype. This review summarizes mechanism of adenovirus infection pathway and intracellular trafficking, providinging a foundation for the development of clinical adenoviral vector.