工程大肠杆菌生产高附加值有机酸、醇研究进展

Progress in engineering Escherichia coli for production of high-value added organic acids and alcohols

摘要:

人类正面临日益严峻的化石资源枯竭与环境恶化等问题，利用可再生的生物质资源生产高附加值平台化合物受到越来越多的关注。文中主要讨论了代谢工程大肠杆菌Escherichia coli生产各种高附加值有机酸 (琥珀酸、3-羟基丙酸、葡萄糖二酸)、醇 (甘油、木糖醇) 的最新研究进展。此外，还简述了2,5-呋喃二甲酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、衣康酸、乙酰丙酸、3-羟基-γ-丁内酯、山梨糖醇等几种平台化合物的应用及生产方式，到目前为止未见使用E. coli生产这些化合物的报道。

Abstract:

Confronted with the gradual exhaustion of the earth’s fossil energy resources and the grimmer environmental deterioration, the bio-based process to produce high-value added platform chemicals from renewable biomass is attracting growing interest. Escherichia coli has been chosen as a workhouse for the production of many valuable chemicals due to various advantages, such as clear genetic background, convenient to be genetically modified and good growth properties with low nutrient requirements. Rational strain development of E. coli achieved by metabolic engineering strategies has provided new processes for efficiently biotechnological production of various high-value chemical building blocks. This review focuses on recent progresses in metabolic engineering of E. coli that lead to efficient recombinant biocatalysts for production of high-value organic acids such as succinic acid, 3-hydroxypropanoic acid and glucaric acid as well as alcohols like glycerol and xylitol. Besides, this review also discusses several other platform chemicals, including 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, itaconic acid, levulinic acid, 3-hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone and sorbitol, which have not been produced by E. coli until now.