糖脂生物表面活性剂——甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂的研究进展

Advance in glycolipid biosurfactants—mannosylerythritol lipids

摘要:

甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂是一种糖脂类生物表面活性剂，主要由霉菌和酵母菌等微生物发酵生产，具有良好表面活性和特殊生物活性，其在食品、医药、化妆品等领域有着潜在的应用前景。近年来，其研究在国外备受关注，而国内却鲜有报道。文中综述了甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂的发酵生产、多样性结构及活性、构效关系、生物合成途径等方面的相关研究，对存在问题进行了分析，并探讨了今后的研究重点。

Abstract:

Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs), mainly produced by Ustilago and Pseudozyma, are surface active compounds that belong to the glycolipid class of biosurfactants. MELs have potential application in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries due to their excellent surface activities and other peculiar bioactivities. In recent years, the research field of MELs has regained much attention abroad. However, MELs are rarely studied in China. In this review, the producing microorganisms and production conditions, diverse structures, biochemical properties, structure-function relationship and biosynthetic pathways of MELs are described. Some research problems and prospects are summarized and discussed as well.