微生物发酵生产α-酮戊二酸研究进展

Progress in microbial production of α-ketoglutarate

摘要:

α-酮戊二酸是微生物三羧酸循环中重要的代谢中间产物，是连接细胞内碳-氮代谢的关键节点，具有广泛的应用价值。文中从4个方面归纳了国内外关于α-酮戊二酸研究进展：能够过量积累α-酮戊二酸的原核和真核微生物的发现和筛选；硫胺素缺陷型和氮源饥饿引起的α-酮戊二酸过量积累的生理学特性；控制培养环境中的pH、溶氧和辅因子对生产α-酮戊二酸发酵过程控制与优化；调控辅因子再生和代谢途径改造高产菌株。最后，讨论了微生物法生产α-酮戊二酸存在的不足和今后研究的方向。

Abstract:

a-ketogluratate is one of the key intermediates in the TCA cycle, playing an important role in the connection of carbon and nitrogen metabolism. This article aims at stating recent research progress in the production of a-ketoglutarate by microbial fermentation. First, a large group of microbes have been screened to accumulate a-ketoglutarate including prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Second, physiological characterization of over-accumulation of a-ketoglutarate is caused by thiamine defect and nitrogen starvation. Third, the process of fermentation was controlled and optimized by the manipulation of pH, dissolved oxygen and cofactors. Fourth, many metabolic engineering strategies were also presented for a-ketoglutarate production focusing on regeneration of cofactor and manipulation of the pathway. Last, we discussed the limitation of current progress and proposed the future research needs for microbial production of a-ketoglutarate.