植物类型III聚酮合酶超家族晶体结构与功能

Plant-specific type III polyketide synthases superfamily: crystal structures and functions

摘要:

植物类型III聚酮化合物合酶 (PKS) 催化合成多种植物次生代谢产物的基本分子骨架，参与植物体许多重要生物学功能的行使，一直是研究蛋白结构与功能关系、基于结构进行分子改造的重要模式分子家族。目前在蛋白质数据库 (PDB) 中有超过80个不同种属来源的类型III PKS的三维结构被报道，其中包括了研究最为透彻的查尔酮合酶在内的7种酶的晶体结构，这些结构的发表对于阐明该类酶复杂多变的底物专一性、链延伸和不同的环化反应机制奠定了结构基础。三维空间结构解析以及基于定点突变的结构功能分析是进行酶工程、基因工程的基础。以下系统综述了植物类型III PKS超家族晶体结构和功能的研究进展。

Abstract:

Plant type III polyketide synthase (PKS) generates backbones of a variety of plant secondary metabolites with diverse functions, and has long been models to elucidate the relationship between the three-dimensional structure and function. More than 80 type III PKS crystal structures with different functions have been reported in Protein Data Bank, including the crystal structures of the well-studied Chalcone Synthase of plant type III PKS, as well as the 6 other kinds of PKSs in the family, which are critical for understanding the structural basis for diverse starter molecule selectivity, polyketide chain length and the cyclization reaction. Structure-based analysis and site-directed mutagenesis are foundation for the investigation of enzyme engineering, genetic and metabolic engineering. This review summarized 7 plant-specific type III PKS in the aspects of their crystal structures and functions.