抗体库的起源、发展及应用前景

Genesis, development and application prospect of antibody library: a review

摘要:

抗体是高等动物特异性免疫应答反应所产生的免疫球蛋白，负责特异抗原的识别和清除。抗体不仅是机体抵抗病原体入侵的强大武器，也是基础科学研究中用于特异性分子识别的专用工具。抗体分子的多样性导致了抗体库概念的产生，让我们认识到每个高等生物个体都是一个天然的抗体库。在后基因组时代，为了适应各种“组学”研究，特别是为了蛋白质组学研究的高通量技术需求，在噬菌体展示技术平台的基础上，构建了各种基因工程抗体库和抗体替代物库。但现在越来越多的其他展示技术如核糖体展示、mRNA展示等体外展示技术也被用于抗体库的研究，而且表现出了相比于噬菌体展示更多的优势。以下根据目前最新发表的有关综述文章和研究论文，对抗体库的起源、发展及应用前景给予粗略的描述，为读者提供最新的参考文献，通过分析目前存在的问题，论述了抗体库技术的应用前景和发展趋势。

Abstract:

Antibodies are immunoglobulins specifically introduced by immunity response of high animals, with the responsibility for recognising and cleaning out specific antigens. Antibody is not only a powerful weapon against pathogen invasion in the organism, but also a tool for specific molecular recognition used in basic scientific research. The diversity of antibody molecules resulted in the concept of antibody library; each individual animal is a natural antibody library. In the post-genome era, in order to fit various “omics”, especially for proteomics requirement of high throughput technology, some gene engineering antibody libraries and antibody alternative libraries have been constructed based on phage display technology. Yet, more and more in vitro display systems such as ribosome display, mRNA display have been used for antibody library study, and that present more advantages than phage display. This mini review outlines the genesis, development and application prospect of antibody libraries according to the published reviews and research articles, and offers up to date development and application prospect of antibody library technology.