生物柴油植物膏桐高油高产品种的培育

Breeding of high-oil Jatropha curcas L for biodiesel production

摘要:

在2005?2009年期间，利用从中国南部和西南部收集的80个不同的膏桐地理种源，在西双版纳建立膏桐种质资源圃30亩；在圃内开展其生物学特性和农艺性状的同时，对其中表现良好的6个地理种源做了进一步选择和培育。结果表明：80个种源的2年生时平均直径、树高和树冠分别为7.6 cm、167 cm和114 cm，种子千粒重为0.676 (0.477~0.879) kg；在这些种源中，根据单株产量和种子含油率的情况，对6个表现较好的种源开展了小规模试验，2年生时平均单株产量0.34 kg，3年生时达1.38 kg；在试验中，有一个种源表现尤为突出，自挂果以来种子产量逐年增加，二、三、四年生林分每公顷干种子产量分别为964.3 kg、2 000.6 kg、2 858.7 kg，种子含油率40％~42％。另外，还利用野外发现的膏桐突变体成功地育出了膏桐新品种。以此为父本与其他种源杂交产生的后代，种子含油率较对照提高6个百分点，杂种种子含油率达41.2％。

Abstract:

Different geographic seed sources (80) of Jatropha curcas L. were collected in South China and planted in a germplasm resource garden to study their biological and agricultural properties. The average ground diameter, tree height and crown size of two-year old plants of the 80 sources was 7.6 cm, 167 cm and 114 cm, respectively, the average 1 000-seed weight was 0.676 (0.477?0.876) kg. The trees grew further to the average size of 12.6 cm diameter, 2.69 m height and 2.1 m crown at the 4th year. Among the 80 sources, six sources had higher oil yield (seed oil content of 40%?42%) and better behaving in expression of phenotype were selected for a small-scale trial of forestation to determine oil yield. Among them a provenance with outstand in expression of phenotype yielded 964.3, 2 000.6 and 2 858.7 kg/ha was achieved for two- three- and four-year old trees, respectively. Additionally, a new Jatropha mutant was found in the wild and hybridization experiments showed that its oil content increased by 6%.