微生物细胞工厂中多基因表达的控制策略

Strategies for regulating multiple genes in microbial cell factories

摘要:

微生物代谢工程和合成生物学是当今微生物技术领域研究的热点，微生物的生长速度快、容易进行大规模培养；遗传背景清楚、遗传操作简便可靠等性质使其在与人类生活相关的多个领域中起到重要的作用。微生物细胞工厂是指人工设计的能够进行物质生产的微生物代谢体系。许多微生物细胞工厂的构建由于引入多个基因或整条代谢途径，而可能导致代谢失衡、部分代谢中间产物积累等问题，需要使用一定的调控策略加以控制。以下对涉及多个基因作用的微生物细胞工厂中所使用的调控策略，分为若干层次进行了总结和探讨，并对今后多基因控制策略的发展方向进行了预测与展望。

Abstract:

Microbial metabolic engineering and synthetic biology are important disciplines of microbial technology nowadays. Microbial cells are fast growing, easy to be cultivated in large scale, clear in genetic background and convenient in genetic modification. They play an important role in many domains. Microbial cell factory means an artificial microbial metabolic system that can be used in chemical production. The construction of a microbial cell factory needs transferring of multiple genes or a whole metabolic pathway, which may cause some problems such as metabolism imbalance and accumulation of mesostates. This review focuses on the regulation strategies of different levels involving simultaneous engagement of multiple genes. Future perspectives on the development of this domain were also discussed.