饲料用酶制剂的研究进展与趋势

Research and development of enzymes used in feed

摘要:

饲料用酶目前已成为世界工业酶产业中增长速度最快、势头最强劲的一部分。畜牧业开发应用饲料用酶制剂有着重大意义: 可缓解饲料资源短缺、人畜争粮的局面, 有利于保障粮食安全; 提供更为安全、优质的动物产品, 有利于保障食品安全; 减轻环境污染, 保障养殖业的可持续发展。饲料用酶的应用效果已在世界范围内得到公认, 但酶的使用量还较低, 其主要原因在于饲料用酶的性质难以满足饲料工业的要求, 以及饲料用酶表达量低, 生产成本较高。因此, 目前的研发趋势主要体现在: 1) 饲料用酶基因资源的高通量筛选技术, 尤其是特殊环境微生物和未培养微生物中的基因资源; 2) 酶蛋白的分子改良技术, 利用蛋白质工程技术定向改良, 创造具有优良特性的酶蛋白质分子, 进一步提高饲料用酶的应用性能; 3) 饲料用酶高效表达和生产技术; 4) 饲料用酶的应用效果快速评估技术和配套应用技术体系。

Abstract:

Enzymes can degrade the anti-nutrient factors in feedstuff, increase nutrient digestibility, and reduce pollution to environment, and have been widely supplemented in animal feedstuff. However, the use of enzymes is limited because of their undesirable properties, such as thermoliability and susceptibility against protease digestions. And its commercialization is also limited by low production efficiency and high cost. Therefore, the focuses for future enzyme development will be: 1) to obtain novel enzymes with better properties by high-throughput screening of enzyme encoding genes, especially those from extreme and special environments; 2) to improve enzyme properties using directed mutagenesis and protein engineering methods; 3) to achieve high-level fermentation of enzymes by heterogonous expression and optimization of codons, vectors and fermentation conditions; 4) to determine the effect of enzymes to animals and utilize enzymes efficiently.