微生物菌种改良的新方法新策略

Novel methods and strategies for strain improvement

摘要:

自然分离得到的原始菌种远不能达到工业生产要求, 通过菌种改良获得高产菌种是有效的手段。传统方法虽然无需了解过多遗传背景就能取得成效, 但往往耗时费力。随着DNA重组技术、原生质体融合、组学研究的应用日益广泛, 微生物菌种改良的新方法和新策略诸如代谢工程、基因组改组和系统生物技术、核糖体工程、表观遗传修饰等逐步发展起来。以下综述了近年来菌种改良相关领域方法和策略特别是首次报道的表观遗传修饰的最新进展。

Abstract:

Improvement of the productivity of industrial strains is an important field in micro-biology, because wild-type strains isolated from nature usually produce only a low level of antibiotics. Although random screening and simple rational screening are still effective without using genomic information, they are always time- and labor-consuming. With the broad application of recombinant DNA technology, protoplast fusion and X-omics, novel methods and strategies such as metabolic engineering, genome shuffling, system biology and system biotechnology, ribosome engineering, epigenetic modification are being exploited for the industry microbiology. In this review, we will focus on the progress of these novel methods and strategies for strain improvement in recent years.