抗生素全细胞生物传感器的设计与应用研究进展

Research progress in the design and application of whole-cell biosensors for antibiotics

摘要:

抗生素是由微生物产生或人工合成的具有杀菌或抑菌活性的化学物质，被广泛应用于临床治疗以及畜牧业和水产养殖行业中，使得土壤、水体和食品等环境中抗生素的残留问题非常突出；与此同时，抗生素耐药性问题日益严重，新型抗生素的开发迫在眉睫。全细胞生物传感器可以利用微生物细胞将抗生素信号转换为可读信号，不仅能够简单快速、灵敏准确地对抗生素进行动态检测，还能有效地发现新型抗生素。本文对目前报道的抗生素全细胞生物传感器进行了全面的梳理和总结，将其分为特异型和广谱型两大类型，并重点阐述了两大类型抗生素生物传感器的设计原理与应用实例，为其他抗生素全细胞生物传感器的构建及应用提供了借鉴。

Abstract:

Antibiotics are chemicals with bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity produced by microorganisms and artificially synthesized. Since the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming in 1928, antibiotics have been widely used in clinical treatments as well as in the animal husbandry and aquaculture, leading to antibiotic residues in soil, water, food and other environments. At the same time, antibiotic resistance is increasingly serious, which necessitates the discovery of novel antibiotics. In recent years, with the development of synthetic biology, researchers have developed a variety of whole-cell biosensors that can respond to antibiotics. These whole-cell biosensors use microbial cells to convert antibiotic signals into readable signals, which can not only perform dynamic detection of antibiotics simply, quickly, sensitively and accurately but also effectively discover novel antibiotics. This review comprehensively summarizes the reported whole-cell biosensors for antibiotics, classifies them into two types (specific and general), and elaborates on the design principles and applications of the two types of antibiotic biosensors. This review will provide reference for the construction and application of other whole-cell biosensors for antibiotics.