Abstract:活性污泥法诞生一百多年来，在污水处理特别是城市污水处理中发挥了不可替代的作用。 活性污泥微生物是去除污染物包括新型有机和无机污染物的关键角色，活性污泥微生物组为微生物分离培养、功能鉴定和生态互作等方面的研究，带来新的活力。

Abstract:[Background] Anaerobic hydrogen-producing granular sludge has more biomass, better settleability and hydrogen production efficiency than flocculent sludge. Proteomic study on hydrogen-producing granular sludge is helpful to reveal the molecular mechanism of microbial metabolic changes in granular sludge, which is beneficial to optimize the anaerobic metabolism process. However, sample preparation method for its proteomic analysis has not been reported. The gram positive bacterium Ethanoligenens harbinense YUAN-3 has been the only reported auto-aggregative hydrogen-producing strain, which can form hydrogen-producing granular in batch and continuous cultures. The genome of strain YUAN-3 has been completely sequenced. Therefore, granules which were formed by strain YUAN-3 were used as model samples in the following experiments. [Objective] In order to facilitate proteomic research on hydrogen-producing granular sludge, protein sample preparation method for proteomic analysis was optimized. [Methods] Protein yields from liquid nitrogen grinding, sonication, and homogenization on was investigated. Protein quality of samples prepared by trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-acetone precipitation method and phenol extraction method was determined by Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The proteins were further labeled with iTRAQ (Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) or TMT (Tandem mass tag) reagent and analyzed by using mass spectrometry. [Results] The protein yield from liquid nitrogen grinding, sonication, and homogenization were 2-fold, 3.9-fold, and 5.2-fold higher than the control respectively. Compared with TCA-acetone precipitation method, the protein spots, especially including basic proteins and low molecular weight proteins, significantly increased and uniformly distributed in the phenol extraction sample. 1 797 and 1 644 proteins were identified in the iTRAQ and TMT labeling samples respectively compared to 2 701 predicted proteins from E. harbinense YUAN-3. The distribution of identified proteins across different ranges of molecular weight, isoelectric point and subcellular localization was similar to the predicted proteome of E. harbinense YUAN-3 based on its genome with some exceptions. [Conclusion] Combination of homogenization and phenol extraction method works the best in sample preparation for proteomic analysis of hydrogen-producing granular sludge, which contributes to obtain high quality proteomic data.

Abstract:[Background] Most cold-tolerant bacteria are isolated from activated sludge. Understanding the response of activated sludge consortia to low temperatures contributes to the domestication of cold-tolerant bacteria. [Objective] Anammox consortia was studied as the research object to study the effects of decreasing temperature on metabolic pathways and metabolites of anammox consortia, in order to explain the response mechanism of anammox consortia to decreased temperature. [Methods] The anammox sludge was domesticated at 25 °C and 35 °C to study the effects of temperature on the nitrogen removal performance of the reactors, bacterial activity and biomass yield, and community structure. Metabolite abundance and metabolic pathway activity of anammox consortia were compared under two temperatures by metabolomics. [Results] Under decreased temperature, although CO2 fixation, TCA cycle and pyruvate metabolism of anammox consortia were down-regulated, which led to a significant decrease in nitrogen removal activity and biomass yield. However, RNA synthesis level, and synthesis of putrescine and signal molecules were up-regulated, thereby regulating the metabolism of the consortia to adapt to the low temperature through transcriptional regulation, regulation of membrane lipid composition and changes in membrane structure. [Conclusion] The physiological mechanism of anammox consortia adapting to low temperature was explored from the perspective of molecular mechanism, and the important role of putrescine and signal molecules in the adaptation of sludge consortia to low temperature was explained for the first time.

Abstract:[Background] The activated sludge (AS) process has been widely applied for municipal sewage and industrial wastewater treatment. The microbial floc formation is very important in gravitational sludge-effluent separation and sludge recycling. A floc-forming strain of Mitsuaria chitosanitabida XHY-A6, has been isolated from the sludge sample of Beishiqiao Sewage Treatment Plant, Xi’an. [Objective] We intended to analyze the genes and reveal the mechanism underlying the floc-forming phenotype of Mitsuaria chitosanitabida XHY-A6 strain. [Methods] Molecular genetics, including the mariner transposon mutagenesis and genetic complementation, and genomics approaches were utilized for analyzing the genes and gene cluster required for floc formation. [Results] Two floc-formation deficient mutants have been isolated and the transposon insertional sites successfully mapped to the sequenced and annotated genome of Mitsuaria chitosanitabida XHY-A6. The glycosyltransferase (termed gt3) and polysaccharide chain length determinant protein (wzz) genes are located within a large gene cluster comprising the genes for extracellular polysaccharide biosynthesis and secretion, epsB2-prsK-prsR-prsT genes, a PEP-CTERM gene and other genes. The requirement of gt3 gene, wzz gene and wzc gene for floc-formation were further confirmed by genetic complementation. [Conclusion] Our results demonstrate that bacterial floc formation mediated by both exopolysaccharides and PEP-CTERM proteins might be well-conserved between Zoogloea resiniphila and Mitsuaria chitosanitabida. The chitosan-degrading capability of Mitusaria strains could be utilized for treating the seafood processing and other chitin-containing sewage and wastewater.

Abstract:Biological foaming is one of the most significant problems influencing the activated sludge settlement which determines the long-term stability of waste water treatment plant (WWTP) operation. Biological foaming gives rise to challenges to effluent water quality, work safety and public health. The formation of biological foaming requires three basic elements: air bubbles, surfactants and hydrophobic substances. Usually, Norcardioform filamentous bacteria and Candidatus Microthrix parvicella are enriched in the foam. A variety of environmental factors, including temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, sludge retention time and especially nutrients type and concentration, have impacts on the growth of these bacteria. According to it, the paper also introduces the current strategies for controlling the growth of the two types of filamentous bacteria, including selectors, kinetics-based growth control, chemical addition and ecological methods, such as, phages to reduce filamentous bacteria concentration in mixed liquid, in order to alleviate biological foaming. This paper discusses, in detail, the causes and types of biological foaming, indexes representing foaming severity, environmental factors affecting the foaming, and advantages and disadvantages of commonly used control strategies, so as to introduce biological foaming problem of activated sludge as comprehensively as possible and provide helpful information for future research.

Abstract:Activated sludge (AS) process is the most widely process in wastewater treatment because of its simple operation and good treatment effect. Sludge bulking and sludge foaming, known as the “cancer” of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), affect the solid-liquid separation process of the secondary sedimentation tank and the stability of the microbial biomass in the biological reaction tank, which have long troubled the operation of WWTPs. The definition, classification, characterization methods, filamentous bacteria, and control methods of sludge bulking and sludge foaming were compared and analyzed as comprehensively as possible in this review. In addition, the future research direction and control strategy of sludge bulking and sludge foaming were discussed. It is expected to provide helpful information for future research on sludge bulking and sludge foaming.

Abstract:Due to the maturity of technology, the activated sludge process has been applied in the treatment of high ammonia nitrogen wastewater. With continuous development, many new activated sludge-based processes have also become research hotspots. Partial nitrification (PN) has gradually emerged as a representative. Partial nitrification can achieve the purpose of purifying sewage efficiently; and the hydroxylamine, one of the metabolites in the reaction, also has a vital influence on the microbial community and the reaction products. The microbial community structure and dynamics of activated sludge in PN reactors are closely related with nitrifying process. Exploring the microbial community structure can help bio-enhancement, optimizing parameters and improve nitrogen removal efficiency. This review mainly summarized the recent advances on microbial community composition and structure of the activated sludge for partial nitrification/half partial nitrification and their relationships with reactor performances, as well as the effect of hydroxylamine metabolism on partial nitrification. These results have reinforced our understanding of microbial community structure and wastewater treatment processes, but the path to fully exploiting biological information and improving process efficiency remains challenging. It is also necessary to use a variety of biotechnology methods to conduct comprehensive research on partial nitrification and provide a solid theoretical basis for practice.

Abstract:Anammox process is a new biotechnology for nitrogen removal from wastewaters. It was favored in the field of environmental engineering once it came out and now it has become the upgrading technology. Anammox bacteria (AnAOB) are the function source of Anammox process and Anammox granular sludge (AnGS) formed by AnAOB is the vital pillar of Anammox granular sludge bed system. However, due to the slow growth of AnAOB and their sensitivity to the change of environmental conditions, Anammox nitrogen removal system not only starts up slowly, but runs easily to be unstable and even collapses. Fortunately, AnAOB can select, combine and fix the functional bacterial community freely to form AnGS, thus ensuring the continuous work of the Anammox nitrogen removal system for its excellent gravity settling property and high efficient substrate conversion property. In this paper, the taxonomy and characteristic of AnAOB, compopsition, structure, and function of AnGS are reviewed so as to give guidance for the optimization and expansion of Anammox process.

Abstract:It was reported that the conductive carbon particles could improve anaerobic digestion process stability, substrate degradation rate and biogas quality. In this paper, the studies on the influences of conductive carbon particles, with activated carbon and biochar as the representatives, on sludge anaerobic digestion were summarized. The mechanisms of enhancement of anaerobic digestion by conductive carbon particles were discussed. The role of conductive carbon particles induced direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) was illustrated. Then, the research progress of DIET in the complex anaerobic digestion system and the relationships between characteristics of conductive carbon particles and their effects on anaerobic digestion were analyzed. Finally, the future studies on promoting sludge anaerobic digestion with conductive carbon particles are prospected.

Abstract:Activated sludge is the main function body of biological treatment process in wastewater treatment plant. The species, quantity and activity of bacteria in activated sludge are the important basis for improving wastewater treatment capacity and effect. Based on the summary and analysis of the relevant literatures, the diversity and ecological characteristics of the main functional bacteria (flocculants, denitrifying bacteria, phosphorus removal bacteria, etc.) in activated sludge treatment process were summarized, and the current mainstream identification methods of bacteria were also summarized. Finally, the regulation and control of micro flora in activated sludge are discussed from three aspects: operation conditions, directional domestication and biological reinforcement, providing a certain theoretical basis for improvement of the functional stability of sewage treatment plants.

Abstract:With wide applications of organic fluorides in various fields, fluoride-containing organic wastewater treatment is facing great challenges. Activated sludge technologies are one of core methods for such a wastewater treatment, in which microorganisms play an essential role. This review is focused on the diversity, composition, structure and function of activated sludge microbial communities in the process of fluorinated organic wastewater treatment and their relationships with wastewater types, activated sludge characteristics, treatment efficiency, degradation pathways and mechanisms of organic fluoride compounds by functional microorganisms in fluoride-containing organic wastewater. We also discuss perspectives for addressing key questions related to the assembly and metabolic interaction of activated sludge microbial communities by isolating key functional microorganisms and/or by microbiome technologies, aiming to improve our knowledge about mechanisms for microbial degradation of organic fluoride compounds and optimize fluorinated organic wastewater processes.

Abstract:Activated sludge is the most popular artificial ecosystem for biotechnological wastewater treatment worldwide, and microorganisms are the key driver of its de-contamination ability of wastewater. The study of all species and genes of activated sludge microbial communities (referred to as ‘microbiome’) has undergone three major stages of tremendous development: microscopic observation and pure culture isolation (since 1915), PCR amplification and sequencing (since 1994), and high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and meta-omics (since 2006). Correspondingly, our understanding of the activated sludge microbiome has experienced the leap from the earliest observations of the morphology of micro-fauna (e.g. Vorticella and Rotifera) and other microorganisms to complete diversity profile of the entire microbiome nowadays. In the past 13 years, HTS-based meta-omics research has been widely used to reveal the structure and function of activated sludge microbiome. We have now fully realized that the activated sludge microbiome contains a large diversity of uncultivable new species and genes, driving the degradation and conversion of various pollutants. At present, amplicon sequencing analysis of specific molecular marker genes has been widely used to reveal the spatial and temporal diversity of urban and industrial wastewater treatment activated sludge microbiome, typical functional bacteria (e.g. nitrifying bacteria and polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria) and community assembly patterns, providing theoretical basis for achieving precise regulation of activated sludge microbiome functioning. Metagenomic studies have comprehensively revealed, the microbiome-driven carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in activated sludge and the biodegradation and transformation mechanisms of organic micro-pollutants at levels of community, population and individual genomes. Future research on the activated sludge microbiome is supposed to make breakthroughs in the following four technical aspects for the achievement of precision eco-genomics: i) standardized meta-omics approaches and absolute quantification, ii) high-throughput culture omics; iii) high-throughput functional metagenomics, and iv) integrated use of multi-omics methods and multiple methods, which are important for maximizing the ecological and engineering values of activated sludge microbiome in wastewater treatment and resource recovery.

Abstract:Anaerobic sludge digestion is a methanogenic process, in which sludge microbiome mediate degradation of macromolecules in waste sludge to generate biogas. In contrast to traditional anaerobic digestion, the influent sludge predominantly consist of microbial cells and their extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which are persist and resistant to biodegradation. Also, it is a challenge to identify the sources of living microorganisms in anaerobic sludge digesters from influent waste sludge or indigenous digestion populations. Therefore, the population composition, function and their interactions of anaerobic sludge digestion microbiome have rarely been illustrated before. Nonetheless, the rapid development of high throughput sequencing techniques and bioinformatics analytical methods have enable the investigation of microbiomes of complex microbial systems, including the anaerobic sludge digesters. Here, we have comprehensively reviewed and discussed the recent development of anaerobic sludge digestion microbiome in four aspects, with a focus on waste activated sludge: (1) structure and composition of waste activated sludge, and anaerobic sludge digestion; (2) 16S rRNA gene-based analysis methods to study digestion sludge microbiome; (3) metagenome- and metatranscriptome-based analysis methods to study digestion sludge microbiome; (4) case study on digestion sludge microbiome. In addition, major challenges and further developments toward understanding the digestion sludge microbiome are identified and discussed.

Abstract:The rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance is threatening human health worldwide. Activated sludge system is a critical treatment technology for removing contaminants from wastewater. With the development of microbiological research technologies, increasing number of researches focus on antibiotic resistance in activated sludge. However, knowledge about antibiotic resistance and horizontal gene transfer in activated sludge remains largely unknown. Here, we review and discuss the research progress and main knowledge gaps of antibiotic resistance in activated sludge: (1) major determinants of antibiotic resistance in activated sludge; (2) methods used for analysis antibiotic resistance; (3) dissemination and spread of antibiotic resistance genes in activated sludge; (4) environmental risks of antibiotic resistance in activated sludge; (5) concluding remarks and future perspectives. This review will contribute to illuminating the microbial ecology driving the dissemination of antibiotic resistance, intending to support the development and optimization of wastewater treatment technologies and provide basis for developing management strategies to improve antibiotic resistance mitigation.

Abstract:The activated sludge (AS) process has been widely applied for municipal sewage and industrial wastewater treatment for over a century. The microbial floc formation plays a central role in gravitational sludge-effluent separation and sludge recycling. However, very little was known about the mechanism underlying the floc formation of activated sludge bacteria. By summarizing the literature about AS microbiome, molecular biology of AS floc formation and comparative genomics analyses to reveal the molecular mechanism underlying bacterial floc formation. The extracellular polysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster is widespread among floc-forming bacteria and is required for bacterial floc formation, which was experimentally confirmed in Zoogloea, Thauera, Mitsuaria and Aquincola strains. Furthermore, the prsK-prsR-prsT gene cluster and PEP-CTERM genes are also widely encoded in those floc-forming bacteria. and other genes. It is demonstrated that bacterial floc formation mediated by both exopolysaccharides and PEP-CTERM proteins might be well-conserved among AS bacteria and other floc-formers. These results could provide important implications for the control of sludge bulking, reduction of sludge, and resource and energy recovery from excess sludge.

Abstract:Activated sludge contains a variety of microorganisms and is the key driver for pollutant degradation and transformation in wastewater treatment plants. Electroactive microorganisms (EAMs) is the important component of activated sludge and plays important roles in wastewater recycling and energy recovery. This review summarizes the methods for enrichment and screening of EAMs from activated sludge, and sums up the species of EAMs obtained from activated sludge so far. In addition, the existing problems of enrichment and screening for EAMs as well as the future research direction are also discussed, so as to promote the discovery of EAMs and the development of wastewater recycling and energy recovery technologies in which EAMs play the leading roles.

Abstract:[Background] Microorganisms are main agents to remove pollutants in activated sludge (AS) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), among them, fungi should be paid attention to as they play important roles in removing toxic compounds and improving biological transformation, etc. [Objective] The major research will be focus on to characterize and compare the diversity, composition of fungal communities in WWTPs located in north and south China, determine the influence factors of fungal community structure. [Methods] Ninety AS samples from 23 WWTPs in north China and 121 AS samples from 37 WWTPs in south China were collected, respectively. After DNA extraction and amplification, high-throughput sequencing of ITS gene was carried out using Illumina MiSeq platform. Data were processed by a variety of quantitative ecological analysis methods. [Results] Fungal community structures in AS system between north and south China were significantly different. Diversity of fungal community in south China was higher than that of north China. The dominant classes and genera in fungal community were Sordariomycetes and Glomeromycetes classes, and Ophiocordycep and Alternaria genera in south China. While they were Tremellomycetes and Saccharomycetes classes, and Trichosporon and Saccharomyces genera in north China. Members of the classes Tremellomycetes and Sodariomycetes are opportunistic pathogens, which may be potential threats to downstream organisms or human health. Abnormal growth of members in Trichosporon genus will cause sludge bulking and affect the stable operation of WWTPs. Latitude, annual average air temperature, concentration of NH4+ and the total nitrogen in influent were identified as the important factors that influence fungal community structure in WWTPs. [Conclusion] Fungal communities between north and south China were significantly different in diversity and composition as a results of geographic factors, climate factors and concentration of pollutants in influent. Accordingly, toward the efficient and stable operation of the treatment plants, it is necessary to regulate the different important communities in south and north China. Furthermore, we should pay close attention to the opportunistic pathogenic fungi and some agents that easily cause sludge bulking. Establishment of population-oriented optimal control system is necessary to control the risks.

Abstract:[Background] Microbial electrochemical system (MES) is coupled with electrochemical reaction and anaerobic digestion process. It is one of the technologies for implementing simultaneously energy recovery and waste sludge treatment. Understanding the syntrophic interaction in electroactive biofilm and activated sludge will be helpful to enhance the ability and regulation of bioreactors. High-throughput nucleic acid sequencing technology has the disadvantages of high cost, long time consumption and unpredictability. Therefore, dynamic simulation of microbial community will effectively predict structure and function. [Objective] The evolution of thermodynamics and kinetics between microbial species in anaerobic digestion and bioelectrochemical system was studied. Under the different ecological conditions including electron donor, electron acceptor, temperature and pH value, the electron flow direction of substrate and the dynamic change of microbial community structure were analyzed. [Methods] A multi-agent-based simulation (MAS) model was established for the microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) fed with waste sludge to evaluate the energy efficiency, mass transfer efficiency, and electron transfer from substrate oxidation of MEC, and to simulate the real-time change of microbial community structure coupled with dynamic and thermodynamic analysis. It revealed the decisive factors affecting the electronic flow direction of MEC and the corresponding microbial community, and provided the basis research on interspecies interaction and dynamics in the biological treatment system in complex pollutants. [Results] The optimal energy transfer efficiency (0.2) and mass transfer efficiency (0.5) of the MEC using waste sludge were determined through MAS simulation. The predicted microbial community dynamics under MAS with thermodynamic and kinetic parameters agreed with the high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Propionic acid was not accumulated in MEC during long-term operation. [Conclusion] It confirms that MAS combined thermodynamic and kinetic parameters can real-time predict the microbial community dynamics. The research shows that multi-agent simulation provides a new method to monitor the change of microbial community structure, which is flexible to combine with high-throughput nucleic acid sequencing technology, and will become a new approach for the prediction and estimation of microbial community in the engineered and natural ecosystems.

Abstract:[Background] Bacterial community structure of activated sludge has important impacts on the high efficiency and stability of the biological sewage treatment. [Objective] In order to provide strategies for maintaining stability of sewage disposal process and improving sewage treatment efficiency, we have estimated bacterial community structure and function of activated sludge. [Methods] Illumina MiSeq sequencing and real-time PCR were applied to analyze the bacterial community structure diversity and differences of the activated sludge, which was sampled from five municipal wastewater treatment plants in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. [Results] Sample from Hengshui (HS) demonstrated the highest microbial diversity and occupied the most unique OTUs whereas sample Hejian (HJ) demonstrated the lowest microbial diversity. Influent temperature was the principal factor that differed the sample HS from other samples in community structure. The most dominant families of sample Daoxianghu (DXH), Nangong (NG) and HS were all Anaerolineaceae, whereas the most dominant families or genera of sample Shahe (SH) and HJ were Saprospiraceae and Lactobacillus respectively. Sample HJ demonstrated the highest denitrifier abundance, whereas sample HS demonstrated the lowest denitrifier abundance. Furthermore, nirS gene was the more widely distributed nitrite reductase encoding gene than nirK gene. [Conclusion] The environmental vectors affecting community structure of activity sludge in different municipal wastewater treatment plants were discrepant. And special influent water quality would also have effect on community composition and biodiversity.

Abstract:[Background] A group of microorganisms with sulfate reduction ability were isolated from activated sludge, and their feasibility of heavy metal pollution remediation of lead-zinc smelter slag was also explored. [Objective] To study the solidification of heavy metals in lead-zinc smelter slag by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) obtained. [Methods] Sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from activated sludge were inoculated into lead-zinc smelting slag for remediation. X-ray diffraction, Tessier, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer and high-throughput sequencing techniques were used in remediation experiments. The mineral composition of lead-zinc smelter slag, the chemical fractions of heavy metals, the concentration of metal ions and the structure of microbial community were detected during the remediation process. [Results] The results of remediation experiments showed that the redox potential decreased, the pH increased, the stable state of heavy metals increased, the ion concentration decreased and the microbial community structure changed significantly. Sulfate reducing bacteria became the main microbial community. [Conclusions] By inoculating sulfate reducing bacteria into lead-zinc smelter slag, the heavy metals could be solidified in situ significantly, thus reducing the bioavailability and improving environment. Sulfate reducing bacteria can be used as solidifying agents for remediation of heavy metal contaminated sites.

Abstract:[Background] The treatment of low C/N domestic wastewater is difficult to meet the discharge standard. The integration of multistage A/O, bioaugmentation and biofilm can effectively solve this problem. [Objective] This study aimed to develop a pilot-scale multistage A/O with biofilm process, and domesticate efficient microbial agent for nitrogen and phosphorus removal to perform bioaugmentation in the system. [Methods] Chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+-N, NO3?-N, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in effluent of the pilot-scale plant and the full-scale wastewater treatment plant were measured and compared to analyze the removal efficiencies. Meanwhile, high through-put sequencing was used to examine the impact of bioaugmentation on microbial community structure. [Results] The removal efficiencies of COD, NH4+-N, NO3?-N, TN and TP in the pilot-scale plant were better than those in the full-scale wastewater treatment plant. The maximum removal rate of TN by the acclimated low-temperature aerobic denitrifying bacteria was 84.21%, when the phosphorus removal rate by the acclimated low-temperature denitrifying phosphorus accumulation bacteria was 85.75%. After bioaugmentation, the removal performance of COD, NH4+-N, NO3?-N, TN and TP was improved, when Pseudomonas for aerobic denitrification and denitrifying phosphorus accumulation obviously increased. [Conclusions] Multistage A/O with biofilm process showed an ideal performance on the treatment of low C/N domestic wastewater. Bioaugmentation can effectively improve the pollutant removal efficiencies of the system under low temperature.

Abstract:[Background] Stable partial nitritation is the bottleneck to achieve the anammox technology of municipal wastewater. At present, the effect of free nitrous acid (FNA) on the activity of nitrifying bacteria at home and abroad are mostly studied under aeration conditions, while not much research has been reported to discussed the effect of FNA on the activity of nitrifying bacteria under anoxic conditions. [Objective] To investigate the inhibitory effect of FNA on the activities of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB: Nitrospira and Nitrobacter) under aerobic and anoxic conditions. [Methods] The activities of AOB and NOB were investigated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) after FNA (initial concentration 1.16 mg/L) treatment under aerobic and anoxic conditions for 48?hours, based on the condition that the suspended solid concentration of mixed solution (MLSS) was 8?300 mg/L. [Results] After treatment under aerobic conditions with FNA for 48 hours, the FNA concentration was maintained at 1.16?1.17 mg/L, and the FA concentration was less than 0.017 mg/L after 48 hours, results showed that the abundance of AOB, Nitrospira and Nitrobacter did not change significantly; Compared with the blank group, the specific ammonia oxidation rate (rNH+ 4-N) and specific nitrite oxidation rate (rNO- 2-N) after aeration to 99 h decreased slightly, which decreased from 3.5 and 4.828?mg N/(g VSS·h) to 3.3 and 4.668 mg N/(g VSS·h) respectively, and the nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) was always lower than 33.2%. After treatment under anoxic conditions with FNA for 48 hours, the FNA concentration was maintained at 0.64?1.16 mg/L, and the FA concentration was lower than 0.039?mg/L, the AOB abundance changed slightly, while the Nitrospira and Nitrobacter abundance decreased significantly, which decreased from 3.002 9×109 and 4.245×108 copies/g VSS to 1.666 5×108 and 5.163?8×107 copies/g VSS, respectively; Compared with the blank group, the rNH+ 4-N decreased slightly, but the rNO- 2?N decreased significantly, which decreased from 4.828 mg N/(g VSS·h) to 0.007 mg N/(g VSS·h), and the NAR is maintained above 94% during over-aeration from 0 h to 292 h. [Conclusion] AOB and NOB were not significantly inhibited by FNA treatment for 48 hours under aeration conditions, but under anoxic conditions, NOB was strongly inhibited while AOB was slightly inhibited by FNA treatment for 48?hours, and stable partial nitrification could be achieved.