Abstract:

Abstract:A 2 L tubular photobioreactor (PBR) was designed, and hydrogen production by Rhodospirillum rubrum uptake hydrogenase deficient mutant in this PBR under artificial illumination condition (including continuous illumination and light/dark cycle condition) and natural day/night cycle was investigated, respectively. Hydrogen production by R. rubrum uptake hydrogenase deficient mutant under artificial illumination lasts five days, and hydrogen yield under continuous illumination and light/dark cycle (12 h:12 h) reaches 5752 mL/PBR ± 158 mL/PBR and 5012 mL/PBR ± 202 mL/PBR, respectively. Under natural day/night cycle, hydrogen production lasts 6~10 days and the maximal hydrogen yield of R. rubrum reaches 2800 mL/PBR with the optimal light intensity of about 30000~40000 Lux. Hydrogen production under natural day/night cycle condition was lower than that under artificial illumination, however, it would be a promising technology of hydrogen production due to low cost and ease of operation of hydrogen production system.

Abstract:A strain, Pseudomonas sp. X-2-45, with high and stable lipolytical activity was screened by continuously subculturing a lipase-producing bacterium P. sp. LP-1 in culture medium containing Jatropha oil as a sole carbon source. Its hydrolytic activity was 29.79 U/mL, which was increased by 288% as compared to that of parent strain. Furthermore, the growth and lipase synthesis of X-2-45, its catalytic ability to hydrolyze vegetable oils, as well as ester synthesis between fatty acids and organic alcohols were studied. Results showed that rates of bacterial growth and lipase synthesis were significantly raised. Bacterial biomass and lipase activity reached the highest level after 30 h of incubation. Moreover, growth stationary period was prolonged and lipase produced exhibited good stability in culture media during incubation period. Hydrolytic activity of P. sp. X-2-45 lipase toward Jatropha oil was increased by 378% as compared to parent strain, suggesting that acclimation to Jatropha oil was an effective approach for improving substrate selectivity of lipase. Finally, results of ester synthesis catalyzed by P. sp. X-2-45 lipase indicated that this lipase could catalyze esterification reactions between lauric acid and n-butanol, n-octanol, 1-dodecanol or glycerol, palmitic acid or stearic acid and methanol, n-octanol, 1-dodecanol or glycerol, oleic acid and methanol, n-butanol, n-octanol, 1-dodecanol or glycerol.

Abstract:The decolorization experiments of direct fast turquoise blue GL were conducted with the crude laccase from Ganoderma lucidum in submerged fermentation. The optimum decolorization conditions were determined. The results showed that the crude laccase from Ganoderma lucidum had distinct decolorization efficiency on direct fast turquoise blue GL. The optimum pH was 3.0, The optimum temperature was 40°C, The optimum enzyme dosage was 40 U/mL, the optimum dye concentrations was 60 mg/L. Under the best conditions optimized above, the decolorization rate of direct fast turquoise blue GL was 94.3% after 70 min catalyzation with the laccase from G. lucidum. Our results suggested that the laccase from Ganoderma lucidum could be very useful in the textile-dye decolorization and waste-water purification.

Abstract:The diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with Larix gmelinii forest were investigated in the Great Xinganling mountains Inner Mongolia. Five different Larix gmelinii forest types and L. gmelinii forest burned areas were surveyed. Of the 53 AM fungal species belonging to four genera isolated from 90 soil samples, 25(47.17%) belonged to Acaulospora, 23(43.40%) to Glomus, 4(7.55%) to Entrophospora, and 1(1.89%) to Gigaspora. Acaulospora and Glomus were the dominant genera. A. lacunosa was dominant species of Ledum palustre-L. gmelinii virgin forest; A. lacunosa was the most common species of Herbage-L. gmelinii forest; Acaulospora sp. 3 and G. constrictum were the dominant species of Betula fruticosa-L. gmelinii forest; A. spinosa was dominant species of L. gmelinii clearcutting forest; Glomus sp. 3 was dominant species of L. gmelinii shelterwood; A. spinosa was dominant species of L. gmelinii forest burned areas. Of the five forest types, Betula fruticosa-L. gmelinii virgin forest had the most big spore densities, species richness, Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index. The spore densities had significant positive correlation with organic matter in the soil; while the spore richness had significant positive correlation with available P.

Abstract:The effects of the crude toxin of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (Foc 4-zj) on the growth of Bacillus licheniforms R21 strain and its protein secretion were studied. The results showed that the growth of R21 strain was inhibited by the crude toxin produced by Foc 4-zj, and its growth cycle was shorten. The protein contents were decreased and the kinds of protein in the supernatant fluid had changed significantly after treated with crude toxin. High dose of the crude toxin greatly decreased the contents of antagonistic proteins, whereas lower one increased.

Abstract:Taking Aspergillus flavus as the target, Actinomyces S24 isolated from Mountain Tai soil showed strong antagonistic activity against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Asperegillus alutacells and the other common Aspergillus in food and feed. Based on its morphologic, culture, physiological and biochemical characteristics, chemotaxonomy as well as 16S rRNA sequence analysis, strain S24 was placed within the genus Streptomyces and identified as a similar species with Streptomyces albireticuli, which had a broad inhibition spectrum and its fermentation characteristics were outstanding. The antibacterial substance was stable. Deposed for 100 min at 100°C, there was no obvious influence on its antibacterial activity. Assay using 96-well plate illustrated that the minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC) and minimum antifungal concentration (MFC) of extracellular crude antibacterial extracts against A. flavus were 19.53 μg/mL and 39.06 μg/mL, respectively.

Abstract:One biocontrol bacillus B3 was isolated from peanut rhizosphere, which showed a broad inhibition spectrum against various soil- borne plant phytopathogenic fungi. It was also found to be capable of utilizing beta- cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid as the sole source of carbon for growth. The extent of degradation of them at initial concentration of 100 mg/L was 54.42%, 57.44% and 49.24% respectively within 7 days. Strain B3 was identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa based on morphological, physiological-biochemical properties, and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. This study indicated that strain B3 had potential application in biological control and soil bioremediation.

Abstract:Degenerate PCR, modified targeted gene walking PCR, modified thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR and Long-PCR were performed with genomic DNA of duck enteritis virus as a template and three fragments (5350 bp, 11083 bp, 2905 bp) of DEV genome were obtained. DNA sequence analysis revealed nine open reading frames encoding UL3, UL4, UL5, UL25, UL26, UL27, UL28, and UL30 gene of DEV, respectively. These sequences have been submitted to GenBank with accession numbers from EF554396 to EF554402. Joint application of several PCR techniques is efficient in cloning unknown genes of duck enteritis virus.

Abstract:The optimum conditions for preparation and regeneration of Rhizopus chinensis LN-A protoplasts were obtained after studying the effects of different factors on them, such as the enzyme composition, concentration and reaction time as well as the different growth phase of the strains. After treating the strains in log phase with concentration of 5 mg/mL snail enzyme, 5 mg/mL cellulose enzyme, 2 mg/mL lysozyme for 2 hours under 30°C, the protoplast formation was up to 5.8×107 and regeneration reached 5.7%. On the basis of this, irradiation of He-Ne laser (λ = 632.8 nm, power = 15 mW) for 20 minutes and UV for 150 seconds were performed on the protoplasts of Rhizopus chinensis LN-A. The mutant LN-B was obtained and the final gastrodin yield was up to 28.9%, which was 20% higher than LN-A.

Abstract:This paper reports a experiment which vanadium-enriched yeast affected on life-span, survival rate and reproduction quantity of moina macrocpa. The results indicated that the average life span of moina macrocpa of vanadium-enriched yeast group were all prolonged compared with inorganic vanadium group under different concentration of vanadium. As to same concentrations of vanadium, it is significant difference on survival rate and reproduction quantity of moina macrocpa between the group of vanadium-enriched yeast and inorganic vanadium. So it is concluded that the toxicity to moina macrocpa of vanadium-enriched yeast was lower than inorganic vanadium.

Abstract:Based on founding the methods for isolation and purification of the novel decarboxylated FR-008/Candicidin derivative CS103, we obtained enough samples for testing from the culture mycelia of the mutant of Streptomyces FR-008. Through comparing the cell toxicities on Human Embryonic Kidney Cells 293, haemolytic activities on human erythrocytes and antifungal activities on C. albicans, we found that the toxicity of decarboxylated FR-008/Candicidin derivative CS103 had been lower than FR-008/Candicidin and Amphoteicin B, while it still had high antifungal activity on C. albicans.

Abstract:To determine the etiologic agent of an outbreak of influenza viruses from Changsha Foothill Mountain International School in 2009, and to analyze the HA Gene Characteristic of the H1N1 influenza viruses. Twenty-five nasopharyngeal swab specimens from the outbreak of influenza viruses were tested by conventional RT-PCR and influenza viruses isolated simultaneously. Virus isolated (A/Yuelu/314/2009) from the outbreak was sequenced by CEQ? 8000 Genetic Analysis System and the sequencing results submitted to GenBank (Accession No: FJ912843), then the sequencing data was analyzed by ClustalX and Mega4.1 softwares. Results showed the influenza viruses A(H1N1) of positive were 18 cases by influenza viruses isolated tests and 21 cases by conventional RT-PCR, respectively. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence homology of the HA gene of A/Yuelu/314/2009 are 99% compare with the vaccine strain (A/Brisbane/59/2007) in 2008~2009 years. The HA sequence data also showed that had 6 amino acid mutations (V148A, S158N, G202A, I203D, A206T, W435R), and the S158N located at antigenic site B of HA protein. Nine potential glycosylation sites (27, 28, 40, 71, 151, 176, 303, 497, 536) in the HA sequence of A/Yuelu/314/2009 is the same with A/Brisbane/59/2007, and the sequences of potential glycosylation sites were conserved. In this study, laboratory evidence diagnosed seasonal influenza A virus (H1N1) as the etiologic agent of the outbreak. The virus isolated (A/Yuelu/314/2009) strain of H1N1 subtype is not a new variant in Changsha in 2009 compare with the vaccine strain (A/Brisbane/59/2007), the outbreak of influenza A virus (H1N1) from Changsha Foothill Mountain International School maybe are caused by the change in genetic characteristics between vaccine strains and the decreased of immunity to influenza A virus (H1N1) in the crowd.

Abstract:The influence factors for hydrogen production using photosynthetic bacteria group were studied. The effects of carbon sources, nitrogen sources, carbon concentration, nitrogen concentration, initial pH value, illumination mode and inoculation amount on hydrogen production were investigated by experiment of single factor and orthogonal experiment. The optimum process conditions were as follows: the best bacteria group was number 3, the glucose was carbon source and concentration of carbon source was 3 g/L; the urea was nitrogen source and concentration of nitrogen source was 9 g/L; the inoculation amount was 10%; initial pH value was 8.5; the illumination mode was 12 h light and 12 h dark alternation; incubation temperature was 30°C. The main factors affecting hydrogen production were strain, carbon sources, carbon source concentration and nitrogen suorces.

Abstract:Baculovirus is an insect virus that naturally infects and replicates in insect cells. It has been employed as bioinsecticide and also for production of recombinant proteins and vaccines. It was found by several studies that baculoviruses harboring mammalian expression cassettes could efficiently express reporter genes in mammalian cells. Benefit from the low cytotoxicity and non-replication nature in mammalian cells, the transduced cells could stably passage and effectively express foreign genes. Another benefit of this expression system is the advanced post-translational modification of expressed proteins. All the advantages mentioned above have captured growing attention as a novel vector for protein expression and in vivo gene therapy. In this article, the progress of baculovirus as a expression vector in mammalian cells was reviewed.

Abstract:Microbial metabolomics is a subject that chiefly studying all the low molecular weight metabolites in an organism or cells during their growing process. The progress of analytical technology promotes microbial metabolomics to make advancement. In this paper, the commonly used analytical technology, sample preparation and its application were discussed and the prospects of the analytical methods were also discussed.

Abstract:Lysins are efficient bacteria cell wall digesting enzymes encoded by DNA bacteriophage. Gram-positive bacteriophage lysins feature similar domain structure, high lytic efficiency, synergic antibacterial effect with antibiotics, rare neutralization by antibodies, less chance of developing drug-resistant strains, et al. The past decade has seen a considerable amount of research worldwidely focused on lysin, and lysins have been used successfully in a variety of animal models to control pathogenic antibiotic resistant bacteria found on mucosal surfaces and infected tissues. The great potential of lysins as an anti-infective agent prompted this review.

Abstract:Gram-positive food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes can invade non-phagocytic cells of the hosts by means of the special surface proteins and cause severe systemic infections. Internalins play a key role for Listeria monocytogenes in invading the non-phagocytic cells. In this study we will review and expand upon the recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of InlA- and InlB- mediating the invasion of Listeria monocytogenes into host cells. This paper will also provide the theoretical base for pathogenetic mechanisms, precaution and therapy of food-borne pathogens.

Abstract:Biodegradable PLGA [poly(lactide-co-glycolide acid)] have shown significant potential for sustained and targeted delivery of several pharmaceutical agents, including DNA. We reviewed the formulating approaches of PLGA nanoparticles/microspheres as DNA carriers and utilization for gene therapy and vaccine adjuvant.

Abstract:Microbiology experiment existing independently from microbiology theoretical curriculum is an indispensable compulsory course in contemporary life science. This article presents the principle applied by the National Excellent Microbiology Course teaching group in Nankai University, which is to strengthen the undergraduates’ basic skills of conducting microbiology experiments. With an aim to enhance the core competitiveness of the undergraduates, we have established the three-level experimental contents. A new multilevel teaching pattern focusing on basic skill training as the cornerstone has been applied to enhance the overall competences of the students and to stimulate their innovation abilities. Students’ experimental accomplishment will also be taken into consideration when their experiment results are evaluated, which helps to standardizing their research ethics.

Abstract:At the present time, training student to have innovative and applied ability has become the object of higher education in China. In this paper, it was proposed that teacher was obligated to create certain atmospheres in classroom to achieve this goal, including friendliness, harmoniousness, encouragement, happiness, discussion, exploration, etc. At the same time, student-centered study should be encouraged. Through these measures, the spirit of innovation will be inspired, the applied ability will be trained, the capability of self-study will be enhanced.

Abstract:When it is cold winter in the northern China, the temperature of water is very low. Low temperature is the main reason of the worse treatment of oil wastewater. In cold winter when the temperature is lowered to around 4°C, the effect of biological treatment of sewage is poor and hard to target the problem of reach a set standard of outing water. Use of microbiology to deal with oil pollution is one of the most effective, the most secure and the most thorough method. So the article from the microbiological point of view to study, isolated from nature world, screening to eight low-temperature grease which can grow under 5°C and degradation of sewage bacteria.

Abstract:PBL(Problem-Based Learning, PBL) is a problem-oriented and effective supplementary teaching method. PBL is giving a great help to improve self-learning, communication and cooperation, thinking and problems solving abilities for the students. In the process of PBL teaching, attention should be paid to two important items. One item is the role transfer for the teacher. Teacher is only a guider in PBL teaching, teacher should avoid excessive interfere of the process for keeping the passion and enthusiasm of the students. Meanwhile, students should always be realized that they are the main part in PBL teaching, they should not depend on their teacher too much. Another important item is how to find and solve the frequently encountered problems, in order to avoid students wandering from the subject, and lead them toward the main goal to get effective teaching and learning.

Abstract:In teaching of Microbiology, we introduced microbiological history and research experiences of scientists. Students had more interesting in learning and got some ideas of science research. Eighty percent of them got good points.

Abstract:We studied on the bio-safety problem of cultivating innovative talents in medical microbiology. The bio-safety of laboratory was controlled by educating bio-safety before the experiments, regulating basic operations during the experiments and constructing management system out of the experiments. Then we got some experience to ensure students’ bio-safety during the research.

Abstract:The characteristics and the construction plan of the National Microbiology Curricula Team of Wuhan University

Abstract:In this study, by gradually reducing the kinds of the trace elements and growth factors from the minimal medium of Pichia pastoris, the result showed that to maintain the normal growth of P. pastoris on agar plate, trace elements and growth factors except biotin don’t need to be added specially. A simplified minimal medium of P. pastoris, SPMD was presented, containing six kinds of inorganic salt, biotin and glucose. All components can be sterilized by autoclave except glucose which should be sterilized separately. This medium was used in screening for transformants and got a transformation rate comparable to that using MD medium.