Abstract:

Abstract:Self-cloning strains of industrial brewing yeast were constructed by integrating Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase gene (GSH1) and copper resistant gene (CUP1) into the locus of alcohol dehydrogenase II (ADH II) gene (ADH2). The self-cloning strains were selected for their resistance to CuSO4 and identified by PCR amplification. The results of ADH II and glutathione (GSH) assay from fermentation with the self-cloning strains in 500ml conical flask showed that ADH II activity decreased to 65% and GSH content was 1.3 fold compared with that of host yeasts. The self-cloning strains do not contain any heterologous DNA; they may be more acceptable to the public.

Abstract:In this paper, by fermentation xylose in shake flask, two oleaginous yeasts named H2-1 and J2-2 which had high performance in utilizing sugar cane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysates were selected from ten oleaginous yeasts isolated in our laboratory before. The lipid coefficient of two yeasts reached 13.49 and 10.23, respectively, shows a high efficiency transformation into lipid by utilizing sugar cane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysates. H2-1 was identified as Rhodotorula minuta and J2-2 was identified as Rhodotorula glutinis based on physiological and biochemical characteristics and 26S rDNA sequence analysis.

Abstract:A strain producing eggshell membrane protease (ESM protease) was isolated from the soil and identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The enzyme isolated from the fermentation liquid of this strain and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, quadratic anion-exchange chromatography exhibited eggshell membrane degrading activity of 304.5 U/mg. By SDS-PAGE, the protein molecular mass is 32 kD. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of this protease is: Ala, Glu, Ala, Gly, Gly, Val, Ala, Gly, Lys, Glu, Asp, Ala, Ala, Glu, Leu.

Abstract:A pathogenic bacterial strain X1 was isolated from Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) suffering with bacterial septicemia. The 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of strain X1 was 5.62×105 CFU/mL, which showed that strain X1 was rather strong virulent to Acipenser baerii. Strain X1 was gram negative and 1.0 μm~1.2 μm × 2.1 μm~2.4 μm in size with peritrichous flagella, and had β-hemolytic activity on rabbit blood agar. By means of ATB expression identification and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, strain X1 was identified as Aeromonas hydrophila (locus number: EU669667), which was the closest relative to Aeromonas hydrophila strain ATCC35654 (locus number: X74676.1) with 99% homology. In addition, strain X1 was highly sensitive to cefoperazone and cravit, and intermediately sensitive to ten kinds of antibiotics including tobramycin, norfloxacin, sulperazone, kanamycin, gentamycin, fortum, vancomycin, neomycina, polymyxin B and lomefloxacin.

Abstract:In the experiment, the production of plagues by Bdellovibrio bacteria in solid medium cultivation, the reproduction of Bdellovibrio bacteria in liquid medium cultivation and the attachment of Bdellovibrio bacteria to carrier were observed, which aimed to study the effects of enrofloxacin on the growth and attachment ability of Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16. Results indicated that in solid medium cultivation, the production of plagues by Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16 was inhibited by different concentrations (2 μg/mL, 5 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, 20 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL) of enrofloxacin and the inhibitory effects of enrofloxacin became stronger with the increase of the concentration of enrofloxacin. Similarly, in liquid medium cultivation, the reproduction of Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16 was also obviously inhibited by different concentrations of enrofloxacin and higher concentrations of enrofloxacin such as 10 μg/mL, 20 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL had stronger inhibitory effects on the reproduction of BDF-H16. However, the growth tendency of Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16 was not inhibited in 10 μg/mL enrofloxacin. Additionally, when zeolite was added, enrofloxacin had also inhibitory effects on the numbers of Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16 attached to zeolite. With the increase of the concentrations of enrofloxacin, the numbers of Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16 attached to zeolite became smaller and smaller. However, the attachment rate of Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16 to zeolite became higher under 2 μg/mL-20 μg/mL enrofloxacin. The results above showed that enrofloxacin had inhibitory effects on the plague production and reproduction of Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16, but the attachment ability of Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16 was strengthened in liquid medium cultivation with 2 μg/mL-20 μg/mL enrofloxacin and zeolite, and adding zeolite helped to reduce the adverse effects of enrofloxacin on Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16.

Abstract:A rapid extraction of yeast genomic DNA suitable for PCR-DGGE analysis was established and the yeast community structure in a salad oil-containing wastewater treatment system was investigated. The results show, not all yeast strains capable of degrading pollutants in wastewater can be planted by system; the selection of system to yeast strains starts from the period of yeast biomass cultivation; from beginning to stable status of continuous wastewater treatment, G1, O2 or W1 are the dominant yeast strains and survive in selection of system.

Abstract:Effect of carbon source (glucose, pyruvate, yeast extract) and electron donor (H2) on anaerobic degradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) was investigated. Differences of bacterial community in the anaerobic systems were also detected by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism technique (T-RFLP). Compared with carbon-free system, the supplementation of different carbon sources and H2 may greatly enhance the degradation of PCP. The analysis of T-RFLP showed that bacterial community structures were different under different treatment conditions. It was speculated that some microorganisms phylogenetically affiliated with the genus Clostridium, Frankia and Desulfitobacterium existed in the PCP- degradating systems.

Abstract:A test was conducted to examine the effect of several electron donors such as glucose, sodium acetate, Fe0, Fe0+glucose and Fe0+sodium acetate on reductive dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) through inoculating the unacclimated anaerobic mixed bacteria. The optimum condition and sustainability of Fe0 as electron donor was also been discussed. The results showed that, Fe0+glucose enhanced the dechlorination of contaminant effectively compared to glucose. Sodium acetate, Fe0 and Fe0+sodium acetate were all effective electron donors and Fe0 was the optimum, the optimum initial pH was 8.0 and quantity of added Fe0 was 2.0 g/L. 4-CP was the mainly intermediate product for 2,4-DCP dechlorination. Fe0 could support the electron for reductive dechlorination of 2,4-DCP continuously. In contrast, when sodium acetate as electron donor, the effect of dechlorination was inferior to Fe0 with the consumption of sodium acetate.

Abstract:A new ionizing-radiation resistant strain WGR702 was isolated from arid soils which had been radiated. The strain WGR702 was Gram-positive and coccus, the diameter of the cell was 1.5 μm~2.5μm.The strain WGR702 was pink-pigmented, motile, facultative anaerobe and non-spore forming. The range temperature and pH for strain WGR702 growth were 10℃~35℃ and pH 5.0~10.0 respectively. The strain WGR702 had a G+C content of 60.5 mol%. UV and gamma radiation survival curves showed the strain WGR702 had highly ionizing-radiation resistant. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA gene sequences (EU315117) showed 94.79%~98.53% similarities with other recognized Serratia species. Primary characteristics that distinguish isolate WGR702 from the species of genus Serratia include the cells are spherical and Gram-positive. Based on the phenotypic, biochemical and physiological characteristics differences it is proposed that the new isolated strain WGR702 might be classified as a novel species of Serratia.

Abstract:The cellular fatty acid patterns in 4 isolates of nocardioform actinomycetes were analyzed quantificationally by gas chromatography using the Sherolock standard MIDI (Microbial Identification) system. The results indicate that the method is relatively unique, simple, stable, and reproducible. To some extent, it yields results that are in agreement with 16S rRNA gene sequences study, and appears to reflect the genotypic, phylogenetic and taxonomic relationships of actinomycetes at the species-strain level. Therefore, it can be used as a rapid and efficient means of determining taxonomic diversity and phylogenetic structure of actinomycetes at the species level, especially of large collections of strains.

Abstract:The mixture of deoxyribonucleoside, dCTP, dTTP, dGTP and dATP at concentration of 100 μmol/L for each, was treated by 75 mmol/L of chlorine dioxide for 10 min, high performance liquid chromatographic analyses indicated that all of the four decreased in peak area by 54.23%±2.08%, 66.25%±3.32%, 55.47%±0.23%, 59.59%±3.27% respectively at wavelength of 260 nm. For 0.2 μg/μL of purified plasmid DNA, their activity as template in polymerase chain reaction were completely inhibited by chlorine dioxide at concentration of 45 mmol/L or above, and the transformation rate decreased to 0.20%±0.2% when treated by 75 mmol/L of chlorine dioxide. Our result indicated that chlorine dioxide have substantial damages on deoxyribonucleoside and plasmid DNA.

Abstract:In order to increase the production of insecticidal crystal proteins Cry1 and Cry2, firstly, Plackett-Burman design was applied to evaluate the effectiveness of the related nutrition factors; it was found that the soybean powder and MnSO4·H2O were significant factors for Cry1 production, but the yield of Cry2 wasn’t effected remarkably in such medium. Then the steepest ascent experiment was adopted to approach the optimal region of the medium composition. Lastly, the optimal concentration of the soybean powder and MnSO4·H2O was 11.5 and 0.02 g/L, obtained by response surface methodology (RSM). The final yields of Cry1 and Cry2 was 0.32 mg/mL and 0.11 mg/mL, increasing twice more than that in the medium optimized before. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of optimal medium was 1.09 μL/mL. The toxicity to Helicoverpa armigera was significantly enhanced than the old one.

Abstract:One endophytic bacteria named XJPL-YB-26 had obvious antagonistic action against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum was isolated from leaves of Pistia stratiotes L., the absorption peak of its metabolizable production is 280 nm. The part 16S rDNA was PCR using the primer designed by Primer 6.0 and sequenced. The accession of GenBank is EU251191. The 16S rDNA phylogenetic tree was constructed by comparing with published 16S rDNA sequences of the relative bacteria species. XJPL-YB-26 and AB271744 was the closest relative with 99% sequence similarity. According to the phylogenetic analysis, it was identified as Bacillus subtilis.

Abstract:The corn sheath blight was the main fungus pathogen of the corn. One endophytic bacteria strain which could significantly inhibit corn sheath blight and promote corn growth was isolated from Chuandan 13 corn seeding. According to morphological, biophysiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence homology, the strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis, pot experiments indicated the strain could inhibit corn sheath blight from happening, the inhibit rate could reach 43.01%; promoting growth experiment revealed that it could significantly promote corn seed growth, the promoting effect was equal to that of IAA, which showed a good development prospect.

Abstract:Through pot experiments, the disease index and control efficiency of TS67 cell, the fermentation liquid of TS67 and the supernatant of TS67 separately act on Fusarium oxysporum and Bipolaris maydis was detected. Experiment results analysis with SPSS statistical analysis software indicated all treatments of TS67 could inhibit both of soybean root rot disease and corn southern leaf blight (P<0.01). Using dressing seeding with the mixture of TS67 cell and Fusarium oxysporum on soybean, the maximum control efficiency of soybean root rot disease (63.98%) was obtained. Spraying the fermentation liquid of TS67 before infecting corn southern leaf blight, the maximum control efficiency of corn southern leaf blight (53.34%) was obtained. Furthermore, experiment results indicated that dressing seeding with TS67 on soybean promoted soybean seeding growth.

Abstract:Soil samples collected from greenhouses with 6, 8, 10, 14 and 20 years watermelon replanting, respectively, in Changle, Shandong province were analyzed for number of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi, and soil enzyme activities, and pH, N, P, K, and organic matter contents in soil. Results showed that with year increasing of replanting, the number of bacteria and actinomycete showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing afterward; the activities of proteinase and polyphenoloxidase had a similar trend as those of the number of bacteria and actinomycete; however, the trend of the number of fungi was totally opposite to that. As the replanting year increasing, the urease activity decreased, while the saccharase activity increased. Results also showed that the nitrogen content of replanting soil was not evidently changed, while the contents of P, K in the soil had a little accumulation after replant of watermelon. The relationship between microflora, soil enzyme activities, physical and chemical character in replanting soils was also discussed.

Abstract:The population of bacterial physiological groups in tomato with different resistant to Ralstonia solanacearum was studied. The results suggested that endophytic bacterial communities and population in tomato variety changed with different resistant cultivars, different stages of tomato and seasons. It was conducted that the amount of ammoniation bacteria was the highest among the seven physiological bacterial groups. There were more ammoniation bacteria in high resistant tomato cultivars than that in high susceptible cultivars. It may indicate that ammoniation bacteria played a key role in the occurrence of tomato bacterial wilt. In addition, the total amount of physiological bacteria in resistant cultivars was more than that in susceptible cultivars in different stages of tomato, and the tendency of changing displayed fluctuation. The average level of quantities of the ammoniation bacteria, nitrifiers bacteria, erobic nitogenfixing bacteria and desulphate reducer bacteria in summer were higher than that in winter, while the population of the sulphate reduced bacteria in winter was higher than that in summer. Furthermore, the amount of anaerobic bacteria was the least among them.

Abstract:The influences of cultivated conditions on the autolysis of Lactobacillus delbeueckii subsp.bulgaricus (KLDS 1.9201) and Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus (KLDS 3.0201) were studied in this paper. The results indicated that temperature shift (from 30℃ to 55℃), pH shift (from pH 5.0 to pH 7.5) and salt concentration shift (from 0% to 5%) not only increased the autolysis rate of KLDS 1.9201 and KLDS 3.0201, but also led to increase nucleic acid and protein released by strains. Extensive autolysis of yoghurt strains occurred when incubated in 5% salt concentration at 55℃and pH 7.5, the extent of autolysis of KLDS 1.9201 and KLDS 3.0201 reached 55% and 36.3% respectively, significantly higher than extent of autolysis of KLDS 1.9201(9.96% lysis) and KLDS 3.0201(8.6% lysis) when incubated in 0% salt concentration at 30℃ and pH 5.5 (P<0.05). As observed by transmission electron microscopy, there were remarkable differences on cell lysis between the optimal and suboptimal culture conditions. The observations revealed that cell-wall degradation occurred concomitantly with cell autolysis and were well correlated to optical density measurements during bacterial cell autolysis.

Abstract:Based on the deletion information of high virulent PRRSV genome, 3 oligonucleotide primer were designed and synthesized. Specific and sensitive reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays were developed for the detection of high virulent PRRSV. The sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR assays were evaluated, the results showing that the detection limit of the assay was found to be 0.265 pg of tissue total RNA, and the protocol have no cross-reaction with classical swine fever virus, porcine circovirus type 2, pseudorabies virus, streptococcus, haemophilus parasuis and Escherichia coli. Then 36 cell cultures, two PRRSV live vaccine strains and 184 clinical specimens from 52 farms were tested. Five PRRSV field isolates were the high virulent PRRSV; two PRRSV live vaccine strains from normal PRRSV, and 123 specimens from 42 farmer were positive (only 1 specimen was normal PRRSV). This RT-PCR method proved to be accurate differential diagnosis of the high virulent PRRSV and normal PRRSV with the characteristics of rapidity, sensitivity and specificity, and has a strong clinical relevance.

Abstract:Florescence in situ Hybridization(FISH) was used to analyze the amount and spatial distribution of Karst mountainous soil sulfate-reducing bacterium(SRB), 16S rRNA specific probe used with DAPI total cell staining and dilute technology, FISH can in situ detect the amount and spatial distribution of SRB in soil profile efficiently. The results showed that, there were sulfate-reducing bacteria in each layer of soil profile. The minimum cell numbers was (0.8±0.4)×107cells/g and maximum cell numbers was (6.2±1.3)×107cells/g , the average was(2.7±1.2)×107cells/g. FISH is a rapid and effective detection technology in the research of spatial and temporal distribution of SRB in environment that can qualitative and quantitative analysis SRB in the soil simultaneously.

Abstract:During curing of harvested fresh tobacco leaves, microbes affect obviously the quality of tobacco leaves. This review provides the advance in main groups, occurance dynamics, effects to quality of tobacco leaves, and control and utilization.

Abstract:In recent years, the molecular methods using short tandem repeats sequences in microbial genome to design primers and amplify the sequences have been continuously reported. The PCR based on the BOX elements is a simple, fast, highly reproducible method for comparing patterns of the amplified bands, and it was applied in studies on the classification of bacteria originally. Researchers found that it could be used as well for analysis of the genetic diversities of fungi and streptomyces using BOXA1R primer to amplify the BOX elements. This paper reviewed the characteristics and the general procedure of BOX-PCR fingerprinting. The system optimization of BOX-PCR fingerprinting for endophytic bacteria and BOX-PCR technology improvements are summarized. Its applications and prospect on diversity research of different microorganisms are discussed as well.

Abstract:The role of the ica locus-encoded polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA/PNAG) has contributed a lot to the pathogenesis of device-related infections of staphylococcal biofilm. Understanding of how the ica locus and PIA/PNAG biosynthesis are regulated is not enough. Another biofilm formation mechanism of ica-independent in both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis exists. The cell surface associated proteins are capable of mediating biofilm formation. Future research about their potential role in biofilm development will be very important.

Abstract:The progress in the biochemistry and degradation of xanthan gum were reviewed. Significance and technique of xanthan gum degradation were stressed. Biodegradation was discussed significantly and prospect of xanthan degradation was depicted.

Abstract:This paper outlines some molecular marking technology based on rDNA sequences and several DNA fingerprinting technology (RAPD, ARDRA, AFLP, REP/ERIC-PCR) used in classification, identification and diversity research in lactic acid bacteria. The principles, methods and progress in recent years of these technologies were also introduced. At the same time, this paper also compares the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. People should choose suitable method according to their purposes.

Abstract:This paper reviews the common approaches for B cell epitopes and T cell epitopes study in recent years, and its application in foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV)’s antigen epitope study. The development of antigen epitopes of FMDV are also summarized.

Abstract:Genomics that indicates DNA sequence of genomes of different organisms and their genetics background is a core of discipline closely related with biology and medical research. The last decade has witnessed a revolution in the genomics of the fungal kingdom and fungi have become the best model organisms of the eukaryotes. By June of 2008, there were less than 80 fungal genomes that were completely or almost completely sequenced and publicly accessible representing the widest sampling of genomes from any eukaryotic kingdom. These genomes belonging to true fungi, Microsporidia and Oomyces vary in size from approximately 2.5 Mb to 81.5 Mb. This review here provides an overview of available fungal genomes.

Abstract:This paper introduces some new attempts in innovating microbiology teaching of plant protection specialty from three perspectives, namely, choosing the teaching materials, optimizing the teaching contents and the choice of teaching methods. The exploration is of referential value to building the system of contents and teaching methods in the microbiology course, to enhancing the teaching effect.

Abstract:In the reform of medical microbiology education on medical students of 8-year-education program, we compared the traditional teaching methods with Problem Based Learning (PBL) method. Through our practice, we have found that the combination of traditional lecture-based learning and PBL seems to better match the students’ way of learning. The lack of basic knowledge of the students hindered their learning effect during the bilateral discussion in the PBL education. We also found that the application of PBL in medical microbiology education is an iterative process and should be promoted step by step. The theoretical level and the innovative ideas of the teachers play a crucial role in the dynamic process of education reform.

Abstract:According to the cultivation objectives of the plant-productive specialities, the teaching contents and methods, testing forms and experimental teaching of the course of General Microbiology have been reformed. The reformation includes integrating, retrenching and updating the teaching contents, strengthening the fundamental knowledge, improving the classroom teaching methods and communicating in and after class in order to arouse the student’s interest and greatly spurs student’s initiative. The testing forms were also reformed to comprehensively evaluate the student’s ability of mastering and managing the knowledge. Through the reinforcement of the basic technical and scientific research training in the experiments, good teaching results have been achieved.

Abstract:To improve teaching quality of microbiology course, combining with characteristics of specialty of Traditional Chinese Pharmacology and in compliance with the principles of teaching content serving the educated object, as the goal, the structure and content of the microbiology teaching course were had reformed. A new pattern of teaching, with prominent people-oriented principle, has been created. The new pattern takes it as the basis that the knowledge and skills of students’ learning are the bridge to their learning and thinking, as well as connecting something new in future. The teaching contents are divided into three parts: basic knowledge, relevant knowledge, and applied knowledge, in which basic theory, basic knowledge and basic skills are fully embodied. The microbiology course teaching new pattern, with the direction, advance and elicitation being intensified, may enable the students to construct sustainable and rational knowledge structure that will better meet the needs of 21st century.

Abstract:Bacteria had to been in a certain degree of osmolality to maintenance intact cell figure. This study carried on the research on lowest concentration of NaCl which to keep complete cells figure of extremely halophilic archaea strain CY1. The research methods were measuring the change of optical density at 600 nm by dealing with different concentration of NaCl. Microscope figures were taken after a simple staining. The lowest concentration of NaCl was 8% ~10%.

Abstract:VP2 protein of infectious bursal disease virus(IBDV) was displayed on T7 phage surface, and this recombinant phage was then purified and labeled with FITC. The interaction between fluorescigenic phage and IBDV host cells was detected by fluorescent microscope and flow cytometer(FCM). Data shows that after displayed on labeled T7 phage suface, VP2 protein still remains its binding activities with IBDV host cells, and this interaction can be blocked by IBDV vaccine strain TAD in a does dependent manner, while no interaction was observed in negative control. The described method should find widespread application in the rapid in vivo research of interactions between ligands and receptors.