Abstract:In this paper, three spoilage organisms were separated from five transmutative soy milks, and all the three spoilage bacteria could survive condition of both 1×10₅Pa，30min and 300mg/kg Nisin. Morpha character, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and a phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA gene sequences reveal that these three strains are Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus and Brevibacillus borstelensis respectively. GenBank accessions for these three strains are EF439666-EF439668。

Abstract:Both uniform design and stepwise regression were employed in this study to optimize culture medium for laccase production from Bjerkandera adusta WZFF.W-Y11. The optimal fermentation parameters of B. adusta WZFF.W-Y11 in shaking flask were as follows: starch 24.0g/L, glucose 24.0g/L, bean cake powder 4.8g/L, NH₄Cl 3.2g/L, KH₂PO₄ 3.2g/L, MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.2 g/L, CuSO₄·5H₂O 0.006 g/L, hydrolysate from wheat bran 1％, initial pH6.5, rotating speed 150 r/min, culture temperature 30℃. The activity of laccase reached 9672 U/L.

Abstract:In this paper 3 different media (A，for yeast cultivation ; B, for laccase producing; D, for white rot fungi cultivation) were compared in enriching and screening decolorizing fungi culture using Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and Reactive Red (M-3BE) from the following three points: decolorization effects, abilities of producing enzymes and diversity of microbial community. 11 groups of fungi with obvious decolorization effects were obtained after enrichment for near one month. Among them, 6 groups came from medium D, the other two 3 groups from medium A and B, respectively. However, the 3 groups from medium A exhibited the highest microbial diversity and best decolorization results with 99.53% and 97.42% color removal rate of Reactive Red M-3BE and Acid Red. From them, 16 strains of fungi were isolated and primarily identified as Saprolegniaceae, Eurotiaceae (Monascus went), Erysiphaceae and Physodermataceae. Fungi groups from medium B and D exhibited a bit lower color removal rate of various dyes and only 3 and 2 isolates primarily classified as Saccharomycetaceae and Eurotiaceae (Penicillium) were obtained from them. Fungi cultures in medium A and B could produce lignin peroxidase, and those in medium D could be detected higher activity of laccase. All the fungal cultures exhibited very weak activity of manganese dependant peroxidase.

Abstract:A highly phytase-producing strain B.licheniformis LL8 was obtained by several mutagenesis of UV with B.licheniformis as starting strain.The new strain produced about two folds of phytase activity as compared with the starting strain. The production performance of the strain was stable. The cultivation conditions were optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiment. When the mutant B.licheniformis LL8 was cultivated at 55℃, initial pH 7.5 with the inoculation size of 10% for 30h in WBE medUm, the phytase activity was up to 2268.4U/mL.

Abstract:Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes coding for 16s rDNA was used to assess changes of biodiversity in a biotrickling filter used to treat waste air containing toluene. The results shown that along with gradually increase of removing capacity for toluene, microbial community structure in packing materials sampled from biotrickling filter also changed markedly over periods of experiment. Under selective pressure of toluene, the number of microbial species decreased but relative abundance of some predominant species increased，and microbial spatial location along the height of biotrickling filter tend to be identical.

Abstract:Construction of mutant strain is an essential method in pathogenesis researches. The conventional method for Brucella unmarked deletion mutant construction is based on suicide plasmid, but the efficiency is very low. In the present study, we first optimized the electroporation parameters, and then, the cloning plasmid pEX18Gm containing sacB was successfully used to construct unmarked deletion mutant of the type IV secretion system. This indicated that by using conventional cloning plasmid as suicide plasmid in Brucella, unmarked deletion mutants can be constructed with high efficiency.

Abstract:The constitution of the bacterial community in Zhenjiang Hengshun vinegar acetic fermentation was analyzed by culture-independent approach. Total DNA was extracted and amplified using PCR reaction to construct 16S rDNA library, which includes 96 positive clones. Through sequencing of those clones, the phylogenetic tree is illustrated by representative sequences. Based on phylogenetic analyzing, 16 OUTs was obtained, and the composition of microorganisms in Hengshun vinegar fementation was concluded as below: five OUTs belong to genus Lactobacillus, two are genus Acetobacter, one genus Gluconacetobacter, two genus Staphylococcus, two genus Enterobacter, two genus Pseudomonas, one genus Flavobacterium, and one genus Sinorhizobium, respectively.

Abstract:Norovirus is recognized as one of the major cause agents of foodborne or waterborne non-bacterial gastroenteritis. The development of RT-PCR for detection of norovirus in fecal samples, and then the potential usefulness of the assay were confirmed for detection of water samples which were contaminated by norovirus in experiment circumstance. The specificity and sensitivity were also evaluated in the assay. The anticipated band of 327bp were obtained when the primer set of JV12/JV13 were used, which targeting RNA dependent polymerase. The specific amplicons were further confirmed by southern hybridization and the same results obtained after many repeats. The detection limits were 50pg/mL in fecal samples, and 200pg/mL in artificially contaminated water samples. In a total of 42 experimentally contaminated water samples, 38 samples were positive for norovirus and 4 pond water samples were negative. The results may stem from unrecovery of norovirus and the inhibitors in these water samples. The assay developed in this study can be applied to screening norovirus in water, and can attribute to the control of water quality.

Abstract:The study aimed at investigation the effect of the transgenic biocontrol bacteria 308R(pCPP430) on the tomato rhizosphere bacterial communities. Strain 308R (Pantoea agglomerans), an adnascent bacterium isolated from tomato, was a biocontrol bacterium. The recombinant cosmid pCPP430 contained the hrp gene cluster of Erwinia amylovora was transformed into 308R Strain. Transgenic biocontrol bacterium 308R(pCPP430) produced Harpin protein which induce hypersensitive response and disease resistance in plants and, surprisingly, increase plant growth. Two complementary methods, sole-carbon-source utilization tests (SCSU) and ERIC-PCR, were used to compare the characterization of bacterial communities from three groups of tomato roots dipped in sterilized water, 308R suspended liquid and 308R(pCPP430) suspended liquid. The cluster analysis and principal components analysis of the number of colonies from SCSU indicated consistent differences in the rhizosphere of each group. Cluster analysis of SCSU data showed that there were consistent differences in the rhizosphere of each group. The rhizosphere bacteria communities of root dipped with 308R(pCPP 430) and 308R have a relative good replication, but the differences of corresponding replicates in dipped with distilled water was increased by degrees. Cluster analysis of ERIC-PCR fingerprints revealed that most of results (eight in ten) have overlaps between roots dipped in water and those dipped in 308R liquid. The methods used in this study may prove a useful approach for the comparison of bacterial communities.

Abstract:The influences of oxygen supply and illumination, carbon sources, pH and temperature on the growth of Rhodopseudomonas palustris S stain and removal for cadmium were studied. The results showed that the removal rate in presence of 25mg/L of cadmium was the highest, reaching 85%, under oxygen supply and dark, carbon source with malic acid, pH=7.0 and temperature at 30℃. Under the optimal condition, the removal rate reached 85% in presence of 10mg/L～25mg/L of cadmium, while it was only 23% in presence of 150mg/L of cadmium. The distribution analysis of Cd²⁺ in different fractions of cell showed that 63.5% of Cd²⁺ was on cell wall and 33.5% of Cd²⁺ was in protoplast. Simultaneity, transmission electron microscopy photos of cell ultra thin section revealed that the removal of cadmium ions was mainly completed on cell wall.

Abstract:Photosynthetic bacteria(PSB) showed great promise in biohydrogen production. Chromatium vinosum was able to utilize the fermentation waste of Klebsiella oxytoca for both photo-fermentative and dark-fermentative hydrogen production. The content of residual sugars and main organic acids decreased obviously after hydrogen production by C.vinosum. The maximal hydrogen production of C.vinosum was obtained at pH 6.5 adding extra 0.1%(W/W) NH₄Cl. Under photo-fermentative conditions, the content of butyric acid decreased by 54.38%, and the maximal hydrogen yield was 36.97 mL/mg cell. Under dark-fermentative conditions, the content of butyric acid decreased by 36.1% and the maximal hydrogen production was achieved as 37.50 mL/mg cell.

Abstract:A strain named as WSHDZ-01 with high capability of producing alkaline catalase（CAT）was isolated from the wastewater discharged from a textile factory. The catalase from this strain was active in the range of pH 5.0-pH12.0, and the highest enzyme activity was observed as 600 U/mL at pH 7.0. According to the physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence of WSHDZ-01, the strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis. The optimal carbon source and nitrogen source were also determined as 10 g/L glucose and 5 g/L NaNO₃, respectively. The highest enzyme activity of 3258 U/mL was achieved after the optimization. The resultant catalase reacted best at 55 ℃ and pH 11.0, and had activities > 98% after 15 min maintenance under 50℃ and pH 11.0.

Abstract:The vip3A gene of Bt9816C was cloned and the sequencing result was submitted to GenBank (accession no.AY945939). The gene was identified as a novel vip3Aa gene, which was assigned name vip3Aa18 by the Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin nomenclature committee. Subsequently, vip3Aa18 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 and bioassay demonstrated that the purified recombinant Vip3Aa18 had high toxicity against Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera exigua. The results of sequence analysis revealed that a carbohydrate binding domain exists on the C-termini 536 to 667 residues of Vip3Aa18，which maybe participate in binding to midgut receptors in susceptible insects. Moreover, a transmembrane helices located on N-termini 272 to 292 residues was proposed responding for pore formation. Furthermore, a putative disulfide bond was found in the Vip3Aa18 sequence. The specific structures and sites of Vip3Aa18 sequence imply potential function.

Abstract:PG derived from Bifidobacterium thermophilum was separated and purified from the cell wall, and involved in research and analysis of its chemical compositions, structure and molecular weight. The major component of the preparation was validated to be peptidoglycan by animo acid analysis, polysaccharides and protein determination, dissolution by lysozyme. NMR and Infrared spectrum substantiated the glycan chain of peptidoglycan was connected by D-pyranose N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid through β-1,4 glycosidic bond. SDS-PAGE and multi-stain suggested that the molecular weight of soluble peptidoglycan showed certain diffusibility, and its ranged from lower than 97.6 kD to higher than 14.4 kD.

Abstract:Studies were carried out to characterize and compare the morphology, cultivation and radiation resistance of 007^T to type strain AS1.633 as well as the known radiation resistant organism Deinococcus radiodurans R1. To determine the levels of radio resistance, culture of bacteria 007^T by comparing with cultures of bacteria AS1.633 and E. coli DH5α as well as the known radiation resistant and radiation sensitive organisms Deinococcus radiodurans R1 and Escherichia coli, respectively, were irradiated at the desired doses of UV and ⁶⁰Co gamma radiation. Results showed some difference of the morphology and cultivation characteristics of AS1.633 and 007^T. The colonies of AS1.633 were orange-red and smooth, whereas the colonies of 007^T were bright red and usually dry with pleats. Strain 007^T showed strongly resistant to UV and ⁶⁰Co gamma radiation compared to the radiation resistant organism D. radiodurans R1 and the radiation sensitive organism E.coli DH5α, 4% survival after exposition to UV-doses as high as 624Jm^-2 and 6% survival after radiated by 16kGy,respectively.

Abstract:In order to study the SLA-Ⅰ molecular characterization of the Bama miniature pig which is an eugenic chinese breed, a pair of primers were designed to amplify the SLA-2 (SLA-2*bm) and then the molecular characterization of the interest gene was analyzed by computer. After cloning, sequencing and analyzing by computer, SLA-2*bm was 1119bp and the ORF frame from 3 to 1097 coded 364 amino acids with two sets of disulfide bond in intro-chain constituted by four cysteines situated in 125, 188, 227 and 283 sites. The amino acid identical ratios between SLA-2*bm and other SLA-2, SLA-3 and SLA-1 alleles were 88.4%～96.4%, 88.3%～90.5% and 87.7%～ 92.7%, respectively. The phylogenetic tree of the SLA-2*bm demonstrated that it was relatively independent to other SLA-2 genes and evolved at low extent. Besides, the SLA-2*bm was similar to the HLA-A2 and H-2K in functional domains and it preserved some functional sites of HLA-A2. The results indicated that SLA-2*bm was a new allele of SLA-2 and the Bama miniature pig might keep down the archaic genetic characterization in China.

Abstract:One strain of Pseudoalteromonas sp. E18 was isolated from the sea mud of Ningbo, Zhejiang. It can produce indigo pigment. The morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics of the bacterium were studied. The indigo pigment was also extracted. The results showed that the maximum absorption peak of the pigment was at 579nm. The pigment was stable to UV, Na₂SO₃，It was also stable at pH 3～9. The pigment was unstable to the sunlight and high concentration H₂O₂. Temperature of 60℃～80℃ could increase the hue while temperature higher than 90℃ could reduce the hue.

Abstract:M10, a spiroplasma isolated from honeybee showed a helical morphology and a contractile movement in R-2 medium. The isolate M10 could pass through a 220nm membrane and resist to penicillin (2000U/ml). It must grow in medium with serum. Glucose could be used as its source of carbon instead of sucrose. Arginine could be metabolized and urea could not. The 16S rDNA of M10 shared 99.86% similarity with the typical strain Spiroplasma melliferum BC-3 (＝ATCC33219). M10 can cause serious disease to honeybees through feeding cultures, the honeybees showed symptoms of spiroplasmosis around 4 days after feeding and the death rate reached to 71% around 15 days. The isolation rate of spiroplasmas from dead honeybees was as high as 100%. Using primers of Spiroplasma-specific 16S rDNA，16S rDNA of spiroplasma was amplified in the various parts of honeybees, such as heart, chest, abdomen and appendage of the dead honeybees. The results indicated that M10, which caused spiroplasmosis, could infect honeybees systemically.

Abstract:98 endophytic bacteria strains were isolated from different internal tissues of Glycyrrhiza uralensis plants collected from Innermongolia region. Results indicated that the population densities of endophytic bacteria ranged from 5.0×10⁴cfu/g～2.9×10⁷cfu/g fresh weight although it varied depending on tissue of the plant. Among these strains, Bacillus sp. was the most prevalent endophytic bacterium, which was amount to 30%.Of the 98 isolates, 6 strains exhibited extensive antagonistic activities against pathogenic bacteria. Characterization showed that these bacteria were Bacillus atrophaeus、Paenibacillus polymyxa、Bacillus subtilis、Paenibacillus ehimensis. This study indicated that selected 6 endophytic bacteria strains have potential for biological control of plant disease.

Abstract:By UV induced mutagenesis of protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain f4, f5 and f6, and screening on plates containing different concertration of ethanol at different temperature, we obtained improved strains, such as f4.2,f5.1, f6.2, f4.5. By using a DES to deal with all the improved strains, We obtained two mutants, f5.1.1 and f4.2.1,which have improved ethanol torlerance. We made use of genome shuffling to generate improved strains in this work. We shuffled twice these improved strains by protoplast fusion and finally obtained strains with higher temperature and ethanol tolerance. we also identified shuffled strains that produced more ethanol by shake-flask experments. At the 35℃, the ethanol yield of R24 strain got to 12.93% (W/V), and were almost 5% higher than that of stain f4.

Abstract:16S rDNA sequences of 30 Bacillus strains originally identified as Bacillus licheniformis from China Center of Industrial Culture Collection (CICC) were determined and analyzed. The results indicated that 24 strains are affiliated to Bacillus licheniformis；3 strains are affiliated to Bacillus cereus and 1 strain is affiliated to Bacillus subitilis；the similarity levels of 16S rDNA among the rest of 2 strains and other strains of Bacillus licheniformis，range from 96.4% to 97.4%，further tests are needed to clarify their position. Also we testified that 5' terminal 500bp of 16S rDNA is available to differentiate the strains of Bacillus licheniformis、Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus.

Abstract:Based on DAS-ELISA procedures, Dot-ELISA for detecting potato virus A(PVA) was conducted on two kinds of differently processed NC（nitrocellulose） strips (NC strip-1, NC strip-2), respectively. The PVA in infected potato leaves can be clearly detected by performing the ELISA on NC strip-2, whereas not on NC strip-1 due to cross-reaction between two adjacent NC dots. This result has given a deep foundation for developing micro fluidic immunoassay chip for potato virus A.

Abstract:A novel Aspergillus terreus strain M11 was isolated from the compost containing cellulose and identified. The isolate grow best at 45℃ and pH2.0. It was found that the activity of the CMCase was up to 3.680IU/mL with high heat stability and the optimal reaction conditions of the CMCase were at 60℃ and pH2.0.

Abstract:A strain with relative higher phytase-producing ability, Aspergillus fumigatus WY-2 was screened from soil. The optimal pH and temperature for activity of the phytase from A.fumigatus WY-2 were 5.5 and 55 ℃, respectively. The gene encoding the phytase was amplified from genomic DNA of the strain by PCR, and a 1.5 kb DNA fragment was obtained and then was cloned into vector pMD18-T. The sequencing analysis revealed that the DNA fragment contained a whole open reading frame (ORF) of phytase gene. The phytase gene was 1459 bp in length included with a 61 bp intron and encoded 465 amino acids. A signal peptide encoding 26 amino acids was found at 5′end of the gene. There were 7 potential glycosylation sites in the phytase. The present phytase showed 91% identity in nucleotide sequence and 91% identity in deduced amino acids sequence to the previously reported A.fumigatus ATCC34625 phytase.

Abstract:A lipase from Trichosporon sp. screened by my lab was purified to homogeneity by ammonia sulphate precipitation and a series of chromatographic steps. The properties of purified Trichosporon sp. Lipase were investigated. Its Molecular weight and isoelectric point were 28kD and pH 8.7, the optimum temperature and pH were 40℃ and pH 8.0. Several chemical modification agents were applied to investigate amino acid residues in active site of this enzyme and the results demonstrated that histidine, serine, glutamic acid/asparaginic acid are located in the active site. The composition of amino acid of the enzyme was also analyzed，which indicated that the contents of asparaginic acid, serine, glutamic acid, glycin, alanine are the most, lysine, histidine also have high contents and there are a few praline, tryptophan.

Abstract:The natural promoter of aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhE) gene (adhE) from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus was analyzed in Escherichia coli using a gene expression reporter system. The sequence immediately upstream of adhE is recognized as a constitutive promoter in E.coli, as well as being presumably an active promoter in T.ethanolicus. The natural promoter of adhE is composed of two independent promoter regions, although activities of the two independent promoter regions are much lower than that of the natural promoter. The results indicate that the AdhE synthesis is cooperatively regulated by the two promoters in T.ethanolicus.

Abstract:A strain with 2 g/L yield of poly-ε-lysine was firstly screened from soil on an agar plate containing methylene blue and then further selected by a flask experiment. The strain was preliminarily identified as Streptomyces albulus. The experiment about medium optimization showed that glucose was the best carbon sources and yeast extract and (NH₄)₂SO₄ were the best compound nitrogen sources. The yield of ε-PL reached 3.9 g/L with optimal medium.

Abstract:The biochemical properties of a V. parahaemolyticus bacterophage were investigated. The results show that when the bacterophage infects the V. parahaemolyticus, the optimum pH value is 8; the optimum temperature is 35℃.The bacterophage is inactivated quickly when treated with upper 60℃. Also the bacterophage is sensitive to ultraviolet radiation and resistant to aether and chloroform. The incubation period of the V. parahaemolyticus has great effects to the bacterophage's bacteriolysis proportion. In Log phase, the bacterophage infects the V. parahaemolyticus easily. However the aged V. parahaemolyticus is resistant to bacterophage's infection. It's favorable to the bacterophage attaching to the V. parahaemolyticus when Ca²⁺ or Mg²⁺ was added into the culture medium. The ability of lysis of the bacterophage is strongest when the salinity of the water is about 20. The best multiplicity of infection is 0.1～1.0.

Abstract:The present study is concerned with the isolation and screening of different strains of Aspergillus oryzae for the production of alpha amylase. Ninety strains were isolated from soil and tested for the production of alpha amylase in shake flasks. Of all the strains tested, Aspergillus oryzae GCB-32 and Aspergillus oryzae GCB-35 gave maximum production of alpha amylase. Different culture media were screened for the production of alpha amylase by these two strains. M1 medium containing starch, yeast extract, NH₄Cl, MgSO₄·7H₂O and CaCl₂ gave the maximum production of alpha amylase by both the strains Aspergillus oryzae GCB-32 and Aspergillus oryzae GCB-35.Kinetic analysis revealed that the values of product yield coefficient(Y_p/x) and specific product yield coefficient(q_p) were found highly significant(p≤0.05) when medium M1 was used for the enzyme production.

Abstract:Ten strains of Aeromonas spp. using a selective media Aeromonas agar base were isolated from the water, sediment and intestine content of healthy fish in fish ponds as well as the mud sample taken from rice fields, in Zhongshan city, Guangdong Province. They were identified by means of conventional physiological and biochemical tests together with 16S rDNA sequencing. In addition, the phylogenetic relationship between these strains and some type strains of Aeromonas spp. was analyzed based on their 16S rDNA sequences. Aeromonas hydrophila was found to be the most frequently isolated Aeromonas species as expected. Other isolates were identified as Aeromonas caviae, A. jandaei, A. veronii, respectively, among which A. jandaei and A. veronii were new record of Aeromonas species in China. This is the first study for the diversity of Aeromonas species in the environment in our country.

Abstract:Microbes that produce Docosahexaenoic Acid were isolated from seawater. 160 strains capable of producing lipids were screened out using Sudan Black B dying method from 280 seawater samples. From 60 strains of microorganisms producing bigger lipid particles, 7 strains of them capable of producing lipids more than 8% were obtained with Soxhlet abstracting method in the first screening. In the secondary screening from 10 strains with high lipids yield, strain 7-3 capable of producing 15.9% lipids was obtained, in which the content of DHA（Docosahexaenoic Acid）is 45.2%. Strain 7-3 was identified as Brettanomyces based on its morphological properties, cultural characteristics, physiological and biochemical properties.

Abstract:In the process of vinification, the metabolic products of various yeasts are key to the sensory characteristics. Different species produce different volatile composition, which results in direct influences on wine's bouquet mostly. Metabolic characteristics of Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces and the different influences on odour by them as well as interactions among various species were described in this paper. Research progress on non-Saccharomyces was summarized.Studies confirmed that some characteristics of non-Saccharomyces play a positive role in the structure of bouquet of wine. Combined use of Saccharomyces and some of non-Saccharomyces will be beneficial to sensory characteristics of wine.

Abstract:Phyllosphere and epiphytes have attracted significant interest of more and more researchers by their unique biological characteristics. Progress of research on phyllosphere and epiphytes was summarized in this paper, and the special emphasis was put on the characteristic of phyllosphere, microbial communities, invasion and the location of bacteria on leaf surfaces. Some ideas for further studies on phyllosphere microbes were also proposed.

Abstract:Functional genomics is one of the hot points in 21 century which focuses on elucidating the function and regulation of genes. Functional genomics have been used in increase productivity in the manufacture of industrial biochemicals. In this review, comprehensive the application of functional genomics in industry microbiology.

Abstract:Acid/base mutants of glycosidases, namely thioglycoligases, are able to catalyze thioglycosides synthesis. Now, many thioglycoligases, including β-thioglucoligase, β-thiomannoligase, β-thiogalactoligase, α-thioxyloligase and α-thioglucoligase, have been developed from bacteria and archaebacteria, and applied in synthesizing various thioglycoligases. Recently, thioglycoligases have been used to glycosylate the glycoprotein and firstly generate the thioglycoprotein. The novel extended synthetic function of glycosidases would promote the development of glycobiology, biotechnology and pharmacy.

Abstract:Denitrification plays an important role in wastewater treatment systems for the reason that the nitrate or nitrite was reduced, and some gases such as NO, N₂O or N₂ were released. The application of denitrification in wastewater, the mechanism of denitrification, and the effect factors of denitrification were introduced in this paper. The communities of Denitrifying bacteria, and some key enzymes of denitrification were also introduced. The discovery of aerobic denitrifying bacteria, autotrophic denitrifying bacteria, and denitrifying Phosphorus-removing Bacteria were also mentioned in this paper.

Abstract:Microbes are important composition of ecology system. Nowadays it's very important to study the microbial diversity and community structure, especially in water bioremediation by microbiological resources. Modern molecular biology techniques provide effective methods to study the microbial ecosystem in aqua. Several techniques were summarized, including 16S rDNA clone library, DGGE (Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis), RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) and T-RFLP (Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), while their application to analyze water microbial diversity were introduced.

Abstract:In recent years it has made great development on the taxonomy and phylogeny with the discovery of new rhizobia resource and application of molecular methods. Polyphasie taxonomy have driven each of the three (the morphological, the physiological, and the phylogeny) epochs of rhizobia taxonomy and to show the diversity of rhizobia overall. Polyphasie taxonomy have been seemed as the most frequently used technique and methods. This paper presents a review of the main methods of the polyphasie taxonomy system and the phylogeny of rhizobia.

Abstract:The structure, reaction mechanism and molecular biology of Leuconostoc mesnteroides dextransucrase are reviewed.

Abstract:These years with industrial antiseptics and disinfectants widely used, especially unscientifically used, the resistance of microorganisms is more and more serious, which brought much more difficulties to industrial producing. The developments on the resistance of microorganisms to industrial antiseptics and disinfectants, their resistant mechanisms and the control strategies are reviewed, which aids us to reasonably use industrial organic antiseptics and disinfectants in existence and provides academic and scientific basis.

Abstract:Protamines are a group of native polycationic antimicrobial peptides, which have a broad range of antimicrobial activity. Protamines inhibit or kill bacteria by destroying their cell wall, cell membrane and changing permeability of cytoplasm membrane. While protamine inhibit or kill bacteria, bacteria are induced a variety of mechanisms to resist it. Several physical and chemical factors, such as temperature, pH, cations and EDTA, can affect protamine's inhibitory potency to bacteria. Because protamines have many advantages in antimicrobial activity, they have been developed a kind of promising food preservative presently.

Abstract:Marine microbes are becoming the hotspot in recent research and a lot of antitumor natural products produced by marine microbes have been discovered. This review summarized research progress on the bionative compounds with antitumor activity from marine actinomycetes, fungi and bacteria.

Abstract:The information of microbial genomics is accumulated with the progress of pure culture and metagenome research. Metaproteomic study will contribute to our understanding of genomic function. Recently, metaproteomic study of microbial community is becoming an effective approach to understand the function of microbial ecology in post-genome era. In this review, the new metaproteomic approach was introduced, including extraction and identification of metaproteomes and application in microbial ecology. Finally, the future perspectives were discussed.

Abstract:Bdellovibrio is a kind of predatory bacteria that invade the other Gram-negative bacteria. It acts just like phages and it's abundant in existence. Recently, foreign researchers begin to focus on Bdellovibrio. The researches about Bdellovibrio focus on the aspects below: the taxonomy of BALOs, the genome analysis and phagocytosis mechanism of Bdellovibrio, the ecology of Bdellovibrio. Meanwhile, the phagocytosis of Bdellovibrio makes the researchers take interest in the application of using it as therapeutic agents, and lots of works have been done. They have found some problems in the application as well. Plenty of researches which are about the phagocytosis mechanism and application have to be done in the future.

Abstract:The necessity and performing method of research-intensive teaching in microbiology experiments are explored in the aspects of teaching design, process and effect. It is concluded that research-intensive experiments plays a positive role in developing students’comprehensive quality．

Abstract:The importance and feasibility was analyzed of the teaching BBS for aiding classroom teaching based on campus network. The design, technique, content, advantages and deficiencies were presented of agricultural microbiology teaching BBS. The prospect also was discussed of teaching BBS based on campus network in this paper.

Abstract:The text has isolated 267 strains LAB from the traditional fermentative food in Sichuan. Using agar plate proliferation experiment and double-layer agar plate proliferation experiment (eliminating the effects of organic acid and H₂O₂, decreased after treatment with trypsin and papain) to screen a LAB of Bacteriocins P158 which has antibacterial action to Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis. P158 was isolated from fermented glutinous rice. Through detection of its appearance, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA gene sequence homology analysis, it was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum.