Abstract:Rotavirus, norwalk virus and astrovirus are the major causes of viral gastroenteritis. Primers JV12/JV13, P1/P2 and Mon340/Mon348 were used to develop a multiplex RT-PCR system to simultaneously detect norwalk virus, rotavirus and astrovirus in clinical fecal samples. In a total of 128 samples, 62 was rotavirus, 8 was norwalk virus and 11 was astrovirus. The detection limits was 5pg/mL for rotavirus, 50pg/mL for norwalk virus and astrovirus respectively. The multiplex RT-PCR system can be used to detect norwalk virus, rotavirus and astrovirus for routine monitoring and risk assessment in diseases outbreak with high specificity and sensitivity.

Abstract:The strains Dz01 and Ma4 were isolated from cadavers of Brontispa longissima(Gestro), and were confirmed to be pathogenicity to Brontispa longissima(Gestro). After microscopical observation of the morphological characters of mycelium, phialide and conidia from two isolates, they were found to be identical to Metarhizium anisopliae var anisopliae, so they were identificated as M.anisopliae var anisopliae. The Maximum Parsimony tree constructed based on the sequences of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions in ribosomal DNA from two isolates and 31 other isolates which represent different species or varity species of genus Metarhizium obtained from GenBank database showed that two isolates clustered together in the clade which was composed of the isolates classified as Metarhizium anisopliae var anisopliae. This provided the molecular data for the result of morphological identification of Dz01 and Ma4 isolates.

Abstract:Cellulase was immobilized on the EudragitL-100 by adsorption. The soluble-insoluble immobilized cellulase was gotten. The operational condition of immobilized enzyme is: pH≥5.0, soluble; pH≤4.0, insoluble. The immobilized enzyme was stable. When the immobilized enzyme was reused four times, more than 65％ of the enzyme activity was found to be retained on binding to Eudragit. Kinetic properties and optimal conditions for activity of the immobilized enzyme were compared with that of the native enzyme. This research results were meaningful in the conversion and utilization of renewable biomass.

Abstract:Three hundred and twenty-one bacteria strains were obtained from rice leaves, stem, root tissue and paddy field soil, of which the number of strains which can inhibit mycelium of Magnaporthe grisea growth markedly was fifty-seven through fermentation in 2.0 mL Eppendorf tube, and among these fifty-seven strains, five strains were strongly antagonistic to Magnaporthe grisea. These five strains was identified for their morphologic, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and the results showed that one strain(No.156) was bacillus subtilis, two strains(No.171 and No.177) were Bacillus pumillus and two strains(No.192 and No. 279) were Bacillus ploymyxa.

Abstract:α-arbutin is biosynthesized by whole cell method with Xanthomona maltophilia BT-112. The conditions for cell biosynthesized α-arbutin are investigated as follows: temperature, 25℃; concentration of hydroquinone, 30mmol/L; mol ratio of sucrose and hydroquinone, 20∶1； time course of α-arbutin biosynthesis, 45 hours; rotational speed, 160r/min; concentration of Xanthomona maltophilia BT-112, 85g/L; concentration of K₂HPO₄-KH₂PO₄ buffer solution, 25mmol/L; pH of K₂HPO₄-KH₂PO₄ buffer solution, 8.0. Under the above optimal conditions, the maximum of molar conversion yield based on the amount of hydroquinone supplied reaches 86.7%.

Abstract:The sfa1 gene encoded a bifunctional enzyme with the activities of both alcohol dehydrogenase and glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The gene disruption cassette produced by PCR using the same long oligonucleotides which comprise 19 or 22 nucleotides complementary to sequences in the templates(pUG6 and pUG66 marker plasmid) at 3′ end and 45 nucleotides at 5′ end that annealed to sites upstream or downstream of the genomic target sequence to be deleted. After two linear disruption cassettes with a Cre/loxP mediated marker were transformed into the cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae YS₁, the positive transformants were checked by PCR to correct the integration of the cassette and concurrent deletion of the chromosomal target sequence. Once correctly integrated into the genome, the select marker can be efficiently rescued by transformating the plasmid pSH47 into YS₁ and inducing the Cre expression with a Cre/loxP-mediated marker removal procedure. The expression of the Cre recombinase finally resulted in the removal of the marker gene, leaving behind a single loxP site at the chromosomal locus. The diploid mutant YS₁-sfa1 was generated, which could enhance the output of ethanol with 8.0% by shaking culture in flask compared with the original strain YS₁.

Abstract:Eight fragments were amplified and cloned into pCR2.1 vector with the designed primers. The fragments, amplified with primer Ⅰ to　Ⅶ, were subcloned into transcription vector to construct the plasmid pNDVZJI which contained the full-length cDNA of NDV ZJI strain. The eukaryotic expression vector pCI-L was constructed by subcloning the fragments, amplified with the primer Ⅴ, Ⅵ and Ⅷ, into the expression vector pCI-neo. The full-length cDNA clone, pNDVZJI, with three helper plasmids, pCI-NP、pCI-P and pCI-L, were cotranfected into BSR-T7/5 cell expressing T7 RNA polymerase. After inoculation of transfected cell culture into embryonated chicken eggs from specific pathogen free(SPF) flock, The NDV of ZJI strain was rescued successfully, which laid a good foundation for the further related research.

Abstract:Glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid(GL-7-ACA) acylase is one of the key enzymes received considerable recognition as a biocatalyst for two-step enzymatic production of 7-ACA. A new recombinant Escherichia coli, E.coli JM105/pMKC-ACY, was constructed and used for the overexpression studies of the GL-7-ACAacylase. The superior culture conditions were figured out. Fed-batch culture of the recombinant strain was further accomplished under the optimized conditions in a 5L fermentor. The GL-7-ACAacylase activity increased to as high as 6668.9 U/L with the highest productivity of 275. 5U/( L·h), which was highly promising for the scale-up enzymatic production of 7-ACA in industry.

Abstract:Effect on the bacterial cell surface characteristics and cell membrane of the antibacterial peptide of the larvae of housefly (Musca domestica) was studied by MATS, microelectrophoresis and measuring the hydrolysis of o-nitrophenyl-L-D-galactoside(ONPG) by the cell β-galactosidase. The results indicated that the antibacterial peptide of the housefly larvae could increase the negative charge of the cell surface, more potently to the G⁺ than the G^-, and could decrease the hydropobicity of the cell surface. The results also suggested that the antibacterial peptide could increase the permeability of the cell membrane, the regression equation of the time course of o-nitrophenol(ONP) was obtained, and the maximum velocity of ONPG hydrolysis(V_P) was calculated to be 3.86 pmol/min-6.92 pmol/min for various tested bacteria at 0 minute.It was suggested that the antibacterial peptide may act on the cell membrane through the “pore forming " mechanism.

Abstract:In this study, 11,150 qualified ESTs(including 10 cDNAs), about 8.1×10⁶ bp in length, were downloaded from ESTs databases of Lentinula edodes in Fungal Genomics Project(FGP) and NCBI. By searching with SSRhunter 1.3 and handwork, 469 SSRs were identified in 316 ESTs, approximately 2.83% of total ESTs. The average distance between SSRs was about 17.3kb. Trinucleotide and hexanucleotide ESR-SSRs were found to be the two most aboundent repeats, accounting for 38.00% and 20.00% of the total ESR-SSRs respectively. The most familiar motifs are(A)_n,(T)_n,(GA)_n,(AG)_n,(TGA)_n,(GAT)_n and(TCTTT)_n, which comprised about 35.94% of all EST-SSRs.

Abstract:From the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the Aspergillus niger F044 lipase, a otential homologous gene A84689 to the anl(the gene encoding the Aspergillus niger lipase) was found by means of bioinformatics. Based on the nucleotide sequence of the A84689, primers were designed to amplify anl. Nucleotide sequencing of the genomic anl gene revealed an open reading frame of 1 044 nucleotides, containing three introns(54, 45 and 51 nucleotides). The deduced amino acid sequence of the anl gene corresponds to 297 amino acid residues including a signal sequence of 27 amino acid residues. The cloned cDNA coding for mature Anl(the protein of the Aspergillus niger lipase) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(De3), and the recombinant Anl was purified. The denatured recombinant Anl by 8mol/L urea was refolded in vitro by dilution and DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow chromatography.

Abstract:L.casei Zhang soliquoid were fed to mice, after the mice were counteracted toxic E.coli O157 and k88，we observed the incidence of mice.We obtained the intestinal contents of mice in control groups and feeding oral lactobacilli groups which were live at the fourth day after they were counteracted toxic Escherichia coli O157 and K88, E.coli and Lactobacillus which were in intestinal contents were isolated and purified by selective medium, and the total DNA of isolated bacterium was extracted, then amplified by ERIC-PCR. We found that Feeden by L.casei Zhang can reduce the death rate of mice which were counteracted toxic E.coliO157 and k88. After stop feeding lactobacilli at the fourth day, L.casei Zhang was isolated from intestinal tract of mice, But E.coliO157 and k88 wasn't isolated from groups of fed L.casei Zhang. The sum total of E.coli of fed L.casei Zhang compared with the sum total of E.coli of control groups were low significant(P<0.01)very much. The results indicated that L.casei Zhang can adhere and grow in the gut of mice and play a part in protection to mice.

Abstract:The biodiversity of lactic acid bacteria(LAB) involved in production of koumiss, a traditional fermented mare milk product in Xinjiang of China, were studied. A total of 152 LAB strains were isolated from 30 home-made koumiss samples and identified using standard conventional identification methods. The predominant strains proved to be Lactobacillus(L.) helveticus(51.3% of the total isolates), L.acidophilus(18.4%) and L.casei subsp.pseudoplantarum(8.6%), while strains of L.gasseri, L.casei subsp.casei, L.curvatus,L.sanfrancisco,L.coryniformis subsp.coryniformis,L.brevis, L.ruminis, L.plantrum,L.homohiechill,L.fermentum,L.dellbrueckii subsp.bulgaricu, L.crispatus,L.farciminis and L.hilgardii were also present in lower numbers(1～4strains). 8 strains of the isolates can't be identified according to present methods. The results obtained showed L.helveticus and L.acidophilus were present in all koumiss samples and L.helveticus was the predominant strain.

Abstract:To study the chemical components and the antifungal activity of extraction from conidia of Trichoderma viride LTR-2. The extraction were obtained by distilling with Methylene dichloride from conidia of Trichoderma viride LTR-2 cultured on wheat bran solid matrix. Antifungal activity were determined by mycelium growth method. The chemical components of the extraction were analysed by GC-MS, the relative components in the extraction were determined by area normalization. The extraction not only have broad-spectrum control, showed antibiosis against eleven different plant fungal pathogens in PDA dish, such as Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria brassica, Verticillium dahliae, Macrophoma kawatsukai, Fusarium moniliforme, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia cerealis, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum, Bipolaris sorokinana, Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria.mali, but also have high inhibitory effect, and had 89.3% suppressive rate to Rhizoctonia cerealis. About sixty components were separated and identified by GC-MS, majority components were Hydrocarbon, the number of the Hydrocarbon were fourty-three kinds. Ergosterol was the major chemical components of the extract, and has 41.90% content. Other components comprised: Ketone, Organic acid, Alcohol, Ene, et al. Conclusion: The extraction from conidia of Trichoderma viride LTR-2 have antifungal activity. The extration comprised 2H-Pyran-2-one, 5, 6-dihydro-6-pentyl, it has 2.35% content. reference others literature, 2H-Pyran-2-one, 5, 6-dihydro-6-pentyl may be the suppressive component of the extration.

Abstract:Taking the mycelial biomass and production of polysaccharide as detecting indices,the optimal submerged fermentation parameters for medicinal fungus Phellinus baumii were investigated by various media and conditions,including single factor test and L₉(3⁴)orthogonal test. The optimal culture was ：glucose 5g/L, corn flour 40g/L, soybean cake powder 20g/L, KH₂PO₄ 1.5g/L,MgSO₄ 1g/L.The optimal fermented condition was ：culture temperature 28 ℃,rotation speed 140r/min, pH normal,inoculation volume 10％,the amount of liquid 100mL(250mL canonical flask),and fermentation time 132h.

Abstract:PKS gene was screened by PCR from thirty strains of spone-associated bacteria including twenty-one actinomycetes isolated from Craniella anstrialiensis and nine bacillus isolated from Dysidea avara in the South China Sea. As a result, a 669 bp KS domain gene was successfully amplified from Bacillus C89. BLAST analysis showed that the KS domains were most closely related to the KS sequences of Bacillus subtilis subsp.subtilis str.168 with 96% similarity. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the KS domain belong to trans-AT KS domains. This study demonstrated the existence of PKS gene in bacteria associated with sponge Dysidea avara for the first time, and provided proof for the hypothesis that sponge-associated bacteria are perhaps the true producers of many novel bioactive compounds in sponge. Meanwhile, this study lays a basis for the microbial screening for polyketide compounds production.

Abstract:The fermentation condition of a recombinant strain to produce chitinase in Pichia pastoris was studied in this paper.By the shaking flask,the influences of inducing time, pH,methanol,oleic acid on the expression of chitinase were investigated.Results showed that the highest productivity of chitinase was obtained when induced for 108 hours.The expression of chitinase was repressed when pH was lower than 5.5 and the optimum condition was pH 5.5～6.0.The optimum concentration of methanol was 1%.The protein expression can be improved greatly when added 0.05% oleic acid.On the basis of these,the recipe of fermentation medium was optimized through orthogonal experimental design.The optimal conditions were found and the amount of protein expression reached 171.99mg/L,chitinase activity 49.58U/mL under the conditions.

Abstract:It designs a way that can easily screen high-pyruvate-producing strain. It is a intelligently selected method which can highly improve the efficiency of strain screening. The principle can be described as the following: On the CaCO₃ medium, a transparent ring can be exhibited based on the reaction of PYR produced by the strain and CaCO₃ in the medium for pyruvate-calcium is a kind of soluble substance, it is obviously that the high-pyruvate-producing strain has a bigger dimension of the transparent ring. On the other hand, color reaction between TTC and ADH indicate the enzyme activities which have a proportional relation with color, our object strain is a weak-ADH-enzyme- activities type with a weak metabolic flux from PYR to alcohol. So the white color strain may be the right choice.

Abstract:The segment of VT2-B subunit was amplified by PCR，then purified and digested with the endonucleases EcoRⅠand XhoⅠ.The digested segment was inserted into the double-cleavaged expression vector pGEX_4T-2.The recombinant expression vector was named as pGEX_4T-2-VT2-B.The expression vector was transformed into E.coli BL21 compotent cells,and highly expressed a VT2B-GST fusion protein after IPTG inducing.The target fusion protein occupied 35% of total cell protein and in soluble form.The high-purified fusion protein was obtained by GSH-Sepharose Resin.The BALB/C mice were immunized with the purified recombinant protein.Two strains of monoclonal antibody 4B×F10×D4 and 4B×8G×11F were obtained.Ascitic monoclonal antibodies were generated by using cells 4B×8G×11F.Western blot analysis showed that the recombinant protein had a specific affinity for monoclonal antibody,while not for vector protein.The results showed that the McAb generated was against the VT2-B subunit,not against the GST.

Abstract:The ability of acid tolerance is one of the most important properties of lactic acid bacteria.To investigate the gene expression of three stains of Lactobacillus casei which incubated in different acidic condition,a semi-quantitative RT-PCR method was used to detect the H⁺-ATPase gene expression in different acidic condition.The result indicated that the growth of Lactobacillus casei had been restrained by the acid stress，especially when the incubated condition changed to pH4.0,and the expression of H⁺-ATPase gene was increased along with the increased of incubated condition acidity.We guess it has some relationship between H⁺-ATPase and the growth ability of Lactobacillus casei in different acidic condition.

Abstract:In order to understand the application potential of electrolyzed water in reducing bacteria decontamination, antibacterial effects of electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water against harmful bacteria in suspensions and on food processing surfaces were studied in this paper. EO water was prepared from tap water containing 0.1% NaCl after eletrolysis for 7min. Bacteria suspensions including Escherichia coli O157:H7 (4.20×10⁶CFU/mL), Salmonella enteritidis (2.18×10⁶ CFU/mL), Listeria monocytogenes (1.44×10⁶CFU/mL), Morganella morganii (2.10×10⁶CFU/mL) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (1.94×10⁶CFU/mL) were individually treated with EO water. The populations of all bacteria cells in suspensions were reduced below 50 CFU/mL after EO water treatment for 2min. Chips (5×5cm²) of stainless steel sheet, ceramic tile and floor tile were inoculated with the bacteria and soaked in EO water for 5 min. Viable cells of bacteria were detected on all chips surfaces after being hold at room temperature. Treatment of EO water significantly reduced pathogens below 40 CFU/mL. Therefore, EO water can be an ideal disinfection agent and used for decontamination of harmful bacteria on food processing surfaces.

Abstract:The studies on enzymes digested sites and (G+C)mol% of 16S rDNA gene from endosymbionts in B.tabaci were conducted.The results showed that:16S rDNA from primary endosymbiont in B. tabaci could be digested into two segments by EcoR I,but not by BamH I or Sac I.16S rDNA from secondary endosymbiont in B. tabaci could be digested into two segments by EcoR I or Sac I respectively, but not by BamH I. The (G+C)mol% of 16S rDNA varied according to creature species and culturable characters. For example, 16S rDNA of primary endosymbiont (Proteobacteria γ subdivision) in B. tabaci were as rich in （A+T）mol% and poor in（G+C）mol% as 16S rDNA of Rickettsia and mitochondria (Proteobacteria α subdivision), which are cell ware or unculturable microbes.The 16S rDNA from secondary endosymbiont (Proteobacteria γ subdivision) in B. tabaci and primary endosymbiont (Proteobacteria β subdivision) in mealybugs, both were unculturable, were as rich in (G+C)mol% as those of E.coli (Proteobacteria γ subdivision), a kind of culturable bacterium.As a result,primary endosymbiont was a concurrence and concerted evolution with B. tabaci. Secondary endosymbiont was similar to free-living bacteria and might be easier to be cultured. Molecular phylogenetic trees based on 16S rDNA of different creatures showed that secondary endosymbiont in B. tabaci was Proteobacteria γ-3 subdivision.Primary endosymbiont in B. tabaci was aonther Proteobacteria γ subdivision.

Abstract:A high efficiency phenol-degrading bacterial strain PS1 was isolated from the drainage ditch of chemical laboratory of East China Institute of Technology.PS1 is a coccus,Gram negative and can live on phenol as its sole carbon and energy source.PS1 to identified as a strain of Raoultella sp.by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis,which can degrade and tolerate more than 3500mg/L phenol.When phenol concentration is 500mg/L and 1000mg/L,PS1 can completely degrade it in 22 h and 32h,respectively.And while it is between 1500mg/L～3000mg/L,all phenol can be degraded by PS1 in 32h～50h.When phenol concentration is 2500mg/L,the phenol-degrading rate is the biggest and can reach to 78.1mg/h.The optimum growth and phenol-degrading conditions were obtained by orthogonal experiment,which are 25℃,pH6.5,glucose concentration 500mg/L and 20℃,pH7.0,glucose concentration 500mg/L,respectively.

Abstract:The FQ-PCR has been introduced for the Salmonella spp. detection these years. To develop a FQ-PCR assay to rapid,sensitive, specific and accurate for quantitative detect Salmonella spp. A pair of specific primers and probe were designed from the fimY gene of Salmonella spp. in this research. Through optimizing the Taq enzyme、Mg²⁺ 、primer concentration and probe concentration system and condition of FQ-PCR, the detection sensitivity was improved dramatically. The results of optimum experiment as following:Taq enzyme:2.5U;Mg²⁺concentration:3.75×10^-3mol/L;primer concentration 0.65×10^-6mol/L;probe concentration 0.30×10^-6mol/L;Cycle condition: step1:95℃,2min,step2:95℃ 5s,60℃ 40s,40cycles. Not only is this detection technology more specific, sensitive and efficient, but also the processing is wide application, rapid and simple. This FQ-PCR detection technology, therefore,will be used to detect Salmonella spp. for those areas food sanitation supervision, commodity inspection and detection,clinical diagnosis, etc.

Abstract:Strain Burkholderia cepacia X4 was isolated from long time oil polluted soil,which was able to degrade oil and grease effectively.The optimal temperature and pH for oil degradation were 30℃ and 7.0 respectively.The suitable nitrogen source,C/N and Ca²⁺ for strain growth and oil degradation were (NH₄)₂SO₄,4∶1 and 50mg/L respectively.Addition of co-substrate carbon source increased biomass and oil degradation rate.With proper quantities of glucose,the oil degradation rate is increased by 8%～10%.When the concentration of olive oil reach 20g/L,the maximum oil biodegradation rate can still reach 83%.Oil degradation by Burkholderia cepacia X4 followed Monod kinetics model in case of olive oil ≤2500mg/L.

Abstract:A system analysis about the microbial flora of normal and abnormal soybean sauce liquor from the high-salt-level watery state fermentation was made and the dominant bacteria and yeasts were identified.On the other hand,a discussion of effect of temperature on microbial flora was made.The results indicated that there were no obvious differences about the count of aerobe,spore-producing bacteria,enterobacteriaceae,lactic acid bacteria and anaerobe between the normal and abnormal soybean sauce liquor and there were marked differences about the count of yeasts and salt-tolerant bacteria.The predominant yeasts in normal soybean sauce were Torulopsis and Saccharomyces,accounting for 55.9% and 35.3% of the total yeasts separately,and in abnormal soybean sauce were Pichia,candida and Saccharomyces,accounting for 62.8%,17.9% and 9.0% respectively.

Abstract:RAPD analysis of eight soy sauce strains isolated from commercial soy sauce koji was done with random primers,using Aspergillus oryzae AS3.951 and Aspergillus sojae AS3.495 as controls.Six appropriate primers (Primer1,Primer5,Primer6,Primer7,Primer8,Primer9) for RAPD-PCR were screened from nine random primers,and repetitive experiments demonstrated that their RAPD-PCR polymorphic patterns were stable.There were usually 4～8 bands in their RADP-PCR patterns,where the number of the main bands was 1～4 and the secondary bands were abundant.The phylogenetic tree of these strains was reconstructed according to their RAPD-PCR patterns,and it basically corresponded to traditional morphological taxology,demonstrating that the application of RAPD molecular marker in the phylogenetic analysis of soy sauce strains was feasible.

Abstract:In this paper,approximately 1000 strains of actinomycete were screening for their ability for microbial transformation of Monacolin K.Strain ST2710 were capable of bioconverting Monacolin K into hydroxy-Monacolin K.Strain ST2710 was primarily identified using the medium employed by Waksman,Shirling and Gottlieb and the current ISP medium.On Gause's starch agar medium,aerial mycelium form branching filaments and do not show coiling.The utilization of carbohydrates by the ST2710 strain include glucose,sucrose,starch,glycerin etc and determination was made after cultivation at 28℃ for 14 days.It could not decompose milk and liquefy gelatin.It could hydrolysate starch and not grow on cellulose.Strain ST2710 contain major amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the wall diamino acid,arabinose and galactose as major wall sugars;but does not contain mycolic acids.The G＋C content of the DNA is 67.3 mol%.16S rDNA analysis indicated membership of strain ST2710 to the genus Amycolatopsis (99%).Therefore,according to the references,the ST2710 strain was primarily identified as Amycolatopsis sp.

Abstract:Aiming at molybdate and boron deficient acid purple soil from main peanut cultivated areas in Sichuan, and Mo and B requirement of peanut growth，the feasibility of Co-inoculum of peanut Bradyrhizobium and molybdate and boron was studied. The tolerance to molybdate and boron of the tested strains Spr2-9, Spr4-5 was inspected. The result indicated that the two tested strains could tolerate higher concentration of molybdate than that of boron. The compound inoculum of Bradyrhizobial strain and trace element Mo was developed. The optimum concentration of Mo was 0.4%.

Abstract:Paecilomyces thermophila J18 was a novel fungus isolated from soil and preserved in our lab. This strain produced a high-level extracellular β-xylosidase utilizing corncob as carbon source and urea as nitrogen source in the liquid-state fermentation. The result of single-factor-experiment revealed that 5% corncob of particle size 0.45mm～0.9mm, 1% urea, initial pH 6.5 and cultivation temperature of 45℃ were the optimal conditions for β-xylosidase production. β-xylosidase activity and specific activity were 3.15U/mL and 2.43U/mg respectively, after 5 days of cultivation in the optimized conditions. The birchwood xylan were degraded into xylose completely as the result of the synergistic action of xylanase and xylosidase from Paecilomyces thermophila J18, and the combination of xylanase and xylosidase enhance the reducing sugar yield by 64% comparing the xylanase single action after 24 h hydrolysis.

Abstract:This study involves purification of a wild low-temperature lipase from a strain of Bacillus phychrophilus and analysis of its enzymatic characters. Electrophoretic pure enzyme on the SDS-PAGE was obtained through ammonium sulfate precipitation, phenyl superpose hydrophobic chromatography and Q FF anion-exchange chromatography.The optimum temperature of the enzyme is 25℃, which still has 25% relative lipase activity at 0℃. The activity of the lipase almost completely lost after incubation at 60℃ for 30 min. Lipase activity is independent of divalent cation. And the structure of this lipase may contain disulfide bond. The K_m and V_max of lipase under pH8.0 and 25℃ were 2.65×10^-5mol/L and 5.21mmol/(L·min) respectively.

Abstract:manA is a gene that encode β-mannanase (β-1,4-mannan mannohydrolase EC 3.2.1.78). ManA gene isolated from Bacillus subtilis strain A33 was cloned into an E.coli expression vector pET-32a and be transformed into E. coli strain BL21(DE3). An expression activity 41.58 U/ml was obtained after inducing. To get a better expression level that a site-directed mutation based on PCR was used to induce a mutant β-mannanase gene. The second code of the gene CUU was changed into GUU thus the second amino acid of β-mannanase of N-terminus changed from leucine to valine. The constructed mutated gene vector pET-32a-manA^* was transformed into strain E. coli BL21(DE3) and induced. The expression activity is increased to 138.65U/ml. It is predicted that a single change of amino acid enhancing the stability of expressed β-mannanase and greatly improve the expression level. The optimum temperature and pH of the enzyme is not changed observably.

Abstract:The predicted structure of Streptomyces olivaceoviridis xylanase XYNB was made by homology modeling and BLAST. Then N13D and S40E mutations were introduced into wide-type XYNB separately by site-directed mutagenesis to improve the enzyme thermostability. XYNB and the mutants (N13D、S40E) were expressed in Pichia pastoris and purified. Their enzymatic properties were determined. The result revealed that the thermostability of N13D and S40E were improved by 24.76% and 14.46% respectively compared with XYNB at 70℃ for 5 min. The specific activity of N13D was increased by 22% compared with XYNB. The other enzymatic properties of mutants were similar to XYNB. The mutants N13D and S40E are good materials for further research in the relationship between structure and function of xylanase XYNB.

Abstract:The effects of four kinds of carbon sources and nine kinds of nitrogen sources on the fungus Phellinus nigricans mycelia were studied. The four kinds of carbon source are sucrose, lactose, glucose, soluble starch.The nine kinds of nitrogen source are corn meal, wheat bran, potato, soybean meal, yeast extract powder, peptone, potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, and urea. Polysaccharides were extracted from different generations of mycelia and the contents, monosaccharide components and molecular weight were analyzed. The results were that the optical carbon source and nitrogen source were starch and corn meal. The optical combination was sucrose and corn meal. The properties of polysaccharides from different generations of mycelia were stable.

Abstract:The influence of the active ingredients of citral and cinn on the pigment and the mRNA expressions of alb1 gene of Aspergillus fumigatus were studied. Results indicated that in Czapak's solid culture medium,the higher the concentration of ingredient was,the thinner the lawn would be,and the pigment became lighter and lighter gradually,even white; citral and cinn could obviously repress the expressions of alb1 gene and this effect was weakened by lower concentrations， The two can avaliably suppress the mRNA expression of alb1 gene which is essential for the biosynthesis of Aspergillus fumigatus's pigment.

Abstract:To study the dual culture relationship of fungus B-39 from Polygonum cuspidatum and suspension Polygonum cuspidatum cell and their accumulated features of resvertrol, the morphology and growth status of fungus B-39 and suspension P.cuspidatum cell and the resvertrol accumulated features were investigated. The results showed that they could normally grow in the dual culture system, and the growth of the dual cultural group was 4.908 g, but the content of resvertrol was reduced to 50μg/mL. A dynamic balanced system was established through controlling the fungal inoculums. It is presumed that fungus B-39 and suspension P.cuspidatum cell could be a balanced antagonism.

Abstract:A novel nucleic acid amplification method, termed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), which amplifies DNA with high specificity, efficiency, and rapidity under isothermal conditions, may be a valuable tool for the rapid detection of infectious diseases. This method employs a DNA polymerase that have activity of strand displacement DNA synthesis and a set of four specially designed primers that recognize a total of six distinct sequences on the target DNA. LAMP can amplify a few copies of DNA to 10⁹ in less than an hour. The final products are stem-loop DNA with several inverted repeats of the target and cauliflower-like structures with multiple loops. A positive reaction would be shown as a ladder-like pattern in a gel electrophoresis analysis. Because of the advantage, the LAMP method will be widely applied to research of nucleic acid, clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases and detection of genetically modified organisms etc.

Abstract:The biodiversity of the taxol-producing endophytic fungi, advantage of taxol production by microbe fermentation, isolation of endophytic fungi, and the separation, purification and determination of taxol in fermentation liquid were reviewed. The pathways to improve the production of taxol by endophytic fungi were also comprehensively discussed.

Abstract:Involvements of bacterial quorum-sensing in regulations of diverse responses are common in bacteria. Recently, it has become apparent that fungi, like bacteria, also has specific quorum sensing molecules and use quorum sensing to regulate some population-level behaviors of fungi. The recent progress on quorum sensing in fungi is described and the possibility of taking fungal quorum-sensing as potential targets for antifungal therapies is discussed in the present paper.

Abstract:In China, Chinese herbs have been used to promote health status and prevent diseases for a long history. Most of the herbs are administered orally, then metabolized and absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. After they enter gastrointestinal tract, the herbs meet gastrointestinal bacteria and exert effects on microbial community, resulting in affecting the health status of animals.This paper summarized the effects of Chinese herbs on gastrointestinal bacteria.

Abstract:In this view, the present advancement on Molecular Biology of African Swine Fever Virus was summarized, including the taxonomy, morphology,genome features and molecular biology diagnostic technique. In order to understand the knowledge for further probing into the replication, virulence, pathogenesis of the virus and the development of vaccine.

Abstract:Most of the soil microorganisms are unculturable,which limits the exploitation and application of microbial resources. Metagenomics has great potential in the research of unculturable microorganisms in soil. Progress on the research of metagenomic DNA purification,metagenomic library construction and screening of soil microorganisms are reviewed briefly.

Abstract:This article was a perspective study on natural pigment’s new microbial resources, culture conditions, fermentation processes and genetic engineering strains，which provides some future direction for the development and application of natural pigment.

Abstract:Vibriosis is fish disease responsible for considerable economic hardship to mariculture operation worldwide. Vibrio anguillarum is an important infectious agent. The first step of infection requires attachment of the bacterium to the host. The flagellum has been suggested to be involved in virulence as a motility organelle that carries an adhesive component. The iron-uptake system of v. anguillarum is important to the pathogenic process. Extracellular compounds such as hemolysin and metalloprotease have been involved in virulence too. The article reviews all factors including exotoxin, adherence factors, invasion factors, cell surface components and iron-uptake system.

Abstract:Biological treatment provides an cost effective and environmentally friendly alternative for many waste gas emissions. Biological waste air treatment is achieved at ambient temperatures, it does not generate secondary pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides, it has become in many instances the method of choice for the control of low concentrations of odors, volatile organic compounds, or hazardous air pollutants in large air streams. A significant body of knowledge and experience has been generated on biological waste gas purification. Examples of waste gas treatment are presented in this paper, such as at municipal wastewater treatment plants, emission from live stock industries, sulfur emissions from industries. This paper discusses the problem of how to prevent biomass clogging and introduces the application of molecular biotechnology in biologeical treatment.The development trend of the Biological treatment are discussed.We hope the biological treatments can gain widely application in China.

Abstract:Rice blast caused by Pyricularia grisea was the most important disease in the rice production and seriously influenced the yield and quality.This paper reviewed the application of molecular markers to the analysis of genetic population of structure in blast pathogen and stated the quality of genetic lineages. At the same time the relationship between pathotype and genetic lineages of blast pathogens was analized and the relative factors resulting in the changes of blast pathogen population structure were studied.

Abstract:To promote bilingual teaching reform and explore a proper bilingual teaching mode in China, we studied the bilingual teaching of the course “Biochemistry on special subjects". The present paper mainly designs and discusses the object of the course, teaching materials, contents and methods as well as the building of feedback and evaluation system of the course.

Abstract:In order to make students have integrative qualities and reform the shortage of former teaching methods in the food microbiology experiment, a new experiment teaching system was established, introducina the integrative and innovative experiment to the students gradually. The reformation of experiment in food microbiology has trained the students well and improved their special skills. Most important of all, it can offer them a chance to realize their own ideas. The students can design an innovative and integrative experiment to carry out their originalities. Good effects have been made since this system is very helpful to improve their consciousness of innovation and integrative abilities in doing experiments.

Abstract:The introduction of lipid-formula Amphotericin B, Voriconazole, and Echinocandins, including Caspofungin and Micafungin, reflect the trend that the antifungal drugs are being developed along to a direction with high effect, broad spectrum, and low toxicity. These drugs undoubtedly provide novel useful approaches to the treatment of invasive fungal infections. Compared to the traditional antifungal drug, such as amphotericin B and Fluconazole, these drugs have the character of good effect and low adverse effect, which will be very important to prophylaxis and treatment for systemic fungal infections. The information concerning for these issues is being reviewed in this paper.

Abstract:A strain named ZM1 capable of producing esterase had been isolated from soil samples by the methods of bromocresol purple staining technique and the determination of esterase value. The strain was identified as Absidia glauca Hagem based on its morphological characteristics and the sequence similarity of ribosomal DNA-ITS. A strain named ZZM1 was selected after UV mutagenesis,The results proved that ZMM1 had steady transmissibility,when ZMM1 was cultivated at 32℃ for 48h with 160r/min, the yields of esterase was 58.76U/mL,104.3% higher than ZM1.

Abstract:V-P and MR tests were done at the same time using white porcelain board. The results showed that the white porcelain method was simple and convenient compared to the traditional method.