Abstract:The strain 4-2w was isolated from the cattles's gastric juice by enrichment culture with ricinine as a substrate.This strain was identi- fied as pseudomonas sp.4-2w according to its characteristics of physiology and biochemistry.The optimal growing temperature and pH were 36℃and 7.0,respectively.The rate of detoxification was more than 90%.And this bacterium did not use up protein of castor bean meal.

Abstract:The open reading frame(ORF)fragments on our microarray were generated by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)using gene- specific primers.Genomic DNA of H.pylori 26695 and J99 ware used as templates.DNA fragments on the array were printed by Genema- chine printor.Using random nanomer,Cy3-dCTP/Cy5-dCTP and SuperscriptⅡto label H.pylori RNA and complete hybridization.Results were judged on the basis of normalized Cy3/Cy5 ratio value,that is,genes with ratio less than or equal to 0.5 were considered down-regula- ted,those with ratio greater than or equal to 2.0 were up-regulated The quality of microarray was evaluated by means of reproducibility and signal/noise ratio. Microarray results were tested by RT-PCR. The final microarray included 1636 ORFs of both strains. Repetitive rate be-tween different dots within the same microarray was 94.05%.Most array had significantly higher signal than background,with 87.76% spots had signal/noise greater than or equal to 2. Most genes from 20 genes selected for testing microarray results were verified by TR-PCR.

Abstract:The co-metabolic carbon sources,dynamics and influence factors of atrazine biotransformation by genetically engineered microor- ganism(GEM)were investigated in the paper.The results showed that glucose was superior to acetate as co-metabolic carbon sources.The concentration of carbon sources affected little on atrazine transformation but much on GEM growth.The specific transformation rate(STR)of atrazine was influenced not by cell density of GEM but by atrazine concentration.Monod model was used to simulate atrazine transformation dynamics and the parameters were V_max=0.168/h and Ks=30.49mg/L. When temperature reduced,STR decreased markedly. The trans-formation was efficient in weak alkaline condition and was inhibited in acidic condition. To some extent,salinity did not affect transformation activity of GEM. Co²⁺,Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺,and Zn²⁺improved atrazine transformation,but Mn²⁺,Ni²⁺and Cu²⁺inhibited atrazine transforma-tion. The results also showed that there existed a direct correlation between adsorption and transformation of atrazine by GEM.

Abstract:Formate dehydrogenase(FDH)coding gene was amplified from genomic DNA of Pichia pastoris by polymerase chain reaction, and the codon TAG(bases 649-651)was mutated to GAG using site-directed mutagenesis.The recombinant plasmid pET-FDH was con- structed by inserting the mutated DNA fragment into expression vector pET-22b(+),and transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3).FDH was expressed as a form of soluble prutein fused with 6×His tag at high level through IPTG induction.The amount of FDH was up to about 30% of the total cell protein. The cells-free crude extract was purified by one affinity chromatographic step,and resulting enzyme preparation revealed a specific activity of 6.45U/mg.

Abstract:An organic solvent tolerant isolate A213 originating from soil samples were successfully isolated via direct plating method using 10g/L of toluene as the sole carbon source and transparent cycle plate assay method.It was identified as Yarrowia based on its characteris- tics.The results in shake flask cultivation showed that the suitable tipase producing media were(g/L):yeast extract 40,vegetable oil 10, MgSO₄·7H₂O1,KH₂PO₄ 5.Under optimal culture conditions (27℃and pH 6.5 ),the maximal lipase activity could reach 67.8 IU/mL.The optimal pH and temperature for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate by crude lipase were pH6.5 and 40℃. The enzyme was sta-ble under 70℃ and pH5.5～8.5. Then isolate A213 was found to produce the lipase which can synthesize L-ascorbyl palmitate in tert-amyl alcohol validaed by the thin-layer chromatography.

Abstract:During L-lactic acid fermentation with Rhizopus oryzae,there existed a branch pathway by which pyruvate was transformed to eth- anol catalyzed by pyruvate decarboxylase(PDC)and alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH),thus decreasing the flux of pyruvate to lactic acid.In this study,the spores of Rhizopus oryzae AS3.3462 mutagenized with nitrosoguanidine(NTG),the appropriate dosage was 0.15 mg/mL and the lethal rate was 70%～80%.Two mutants,named mut-1 and mut-2,with decreased ADH activity were screened out by yeast peptone dextrose (YPD) agar medium containing allyl alcohol. These two mutants had decreased ADH activities of 41.63% and 50.29% compared with the parent strain. The fermentation behavior after 72h showed that the yields of ethanol produced by mut-1 and mut-2 were 4.87g/L and 6.56g/L respectively,while the wild type strain was 28.9g/L,and the lactate concentrations of mut-1 and mut-2 also increased from 40.31g/L to 54.45g/L and 44.07g/L,respectively. It is also found that mut-1 and mut-2 had a high reducing sugar consumption rate and biomass accumulation than its present strain

Abstract:The fragment of pGEM-T easyβ,containing the gene of chaperonin subunitβof Acidianus tengchongensis strain S5,was inserted into the plasmid pET23b with Ndel and BamHI,designated as pET236βand transformed into BL21(DE3)or Rosetta-gami^TMB(DE3) pLysS.The expressed protein was soluble.Expression of the subunitβwas 16.2% of total cell proteins in Rosetta-gami^TMB(DE3)pLysS and displayed both monomer and oligomer.The recombinant subunitβwas purified by means of sonication,heating at 70℃for 10 min,am- monium sulfate precipitation,chromatography on Bio-Gel A-1.5m and DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B. The purified recombinant of subunit β dis-played oligomer on native-PAGE and exhibited weak ATPase activity.

Abstract:A temperature-sensitive mutant strain was isolated after transposon mutagenesis with Tn5 and named MT54.PCR was carried out with primers designed according to the sequence of transposon,the PCR products showed that the MT54 carried transposon in the genome. The mutant grew well at 30℃in minimal medium(MM)containing p-nitrophenol(PNP)as sole carbon source,while it cannot grow at 37℃in the same medium,NO₂.detection results also proved that.Comparing the degradation rate of PNP and hydroquinone of MT54 and DLL-E4 at different temperature,it was speculated that the mutant site locate in the PNP degradation related genes.

Abstract:The strain F12-11-1-2 was isolated from the East China Sea,which had antimitosis activity using Pyricularia oryzae mode.Ac- cording to phenotypical study,salt-aggregation test and 16S rDNA sequence analysis,the strain F12-11-1-2 has been identified to be Bacillus subtilis.

Abstract:To obtain high-yield avilamycin-producing strains,low energy N⁺ ion implantation technology and screening of streptomycin-re- sistant mutants are used in the study on breeding mutation.The results show that,“saddle”region,which range is from 3×10¹⁵ to 5×10¹⁵ ions/cm²,has got better induced mutation action.It also means that the strain's resistant mutation and yield mutation closely correlate to each other,and the method of streptomycin resistant screening is feasible.We have isolated a high-yield strain SVT-45 which the productivi-ty is 195% higher than the original strain's in the rotation-flask experiments. These results showed that the ion implantation was an effective method for microbe mutagensis.

Abstract:By functional plates,16 strains which can produceβ-mannana-se were isolated frnm 28 Bacillus spp.Using a pair of degenerated primers,the conserved fragments ofβ-mannanase gene from the selected strains were amplified by PCR.The obtained nucleotide fragments were sequenced and compared with the homologousβ-mannanase genes in GenBank and a phylogenetic tree was generated.Comparing to the genes codingβ-mannanase published,the cloned nucleotide fragments show the highest sequence identity between 62% and 98%.The genes coding for β-mannanase of Bacillus circulus have low identity while the β-mannanase genes of Bacillus subtilis and other Bacillus spp. have high identity.

Abstract:Three Gram-negative bacteria from commercial fresh fish were identified as Pseudomonas sp.,an important food spoilage bacteria, on the basis of 16S rDNA sequences.N-aeyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) were the important quorum sensing molecules and regulated the expression of many characteristics in a cell-density-dependent manner in Gram-negative bacteria.The AHL biosensor detection revealed that three isolates produced AHLs molecules and strains FML05-1 and FML05-2 produced two types of AHLs at least and the main signal mole-cules were N-3-oxo-octanoyl-homoserine lactone (N-3-oxo-C₈-AHL).Also the amount of AHL in FML05-2 reached to the maximun at 12h throughout growth.This was first study of quorum sensing signal molecule AHLs produced by the pseudomonas from food and layed the foun-dation for new strategies of food preservation based on interfering in quorum sensing of spoilage bacteria.

Abstract:Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16 was isolated from the gut of Carassius auratus gibelio with Aeromonas sobria.Its shape was ob- served by light microscopy,phase-contrast microscopy,electron microscopy and some of its biological characteristics were also studied.It was demonstrated that BDF-H16 was an gram-negative bacterium and had a bacilliform or arc bacilliform shape with a flagellum at one end.Its size was mostly 0.2μm～0.5μm×0.8μm～1.2μm.It had a wide prey area and could lyse all tested gram-negative bacteria and some gram-positive bacteria. The best lysis conditions to Escherichia coli were 6.75×10⁹cfu/mL of prey bacteria concentration、pH7.0~7.5、28℃. It could grow in the solid culture added 0.85%~5.00% NaCl and was inhibited by enrofloxacin and norfloxacin.

Abstract:Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16 was isolated from the gut of Carassius auratus gibelio with Aeromonas sobria.Its shape was ob- served by light microscopy,phase-contrast microscopy,electron microscopy and some of its biological characteristics were also studied.It was demonstrated that BDF-H16 was an gram-negative bacterium and had a bacilliform or arc bacilliform shape with a flagellum at one end.Its size was mostly 0.2μm～0.5μm×0.8μm～1.2μm.It had a wide prey area and could lyse all tested gram-negative bacteria and some gram-positive bacteria. The best lysis conditions to Escherichia coli were 6.75×10⁹cfu/mL of prey bacteria concentration、pH7.0~7.5、28℃. It could grow in the solid culture added 0.85%~5.00% NaCl and was inhibited by enrofloxacin and norfloxacin.

Abstract:Taq DNA polymerase has the activities of DNA polymerase and RNA reverse transcriptase.This research used the Double-stran- ded RNAs were used as templates for direct PCR,making use of the characteristics of Taq DNA polymerase.PCR for target sequences of 277,369 and 987 bp from dsRNA templates were performed directly with Taq DNA polymerase.When the sizes of target sequences were 277 bp and 369 bp,they were amplified with dsRNA templates on the denaturing temperatures of 47.0℃,47.9℃,50.2℃,52.6℃, 54.9℃,56.7℃ respectively. The results suggested that target sequences can be amplified with dsRNA templates only using Taq DNA polymerase alone and it is more effective for amplification of smaller sequences.

Abstract:A L-serine producing facuhative methylotroph mutant (Mth^H、Gly^R)was derived from Pseudomonas flava A3 by combination treatment with ultraviolet(UV)and diethylsulfate(DES).It could accumulate 6.2g/L L-serine in the medium containing 30g/L glycine and 1% methanol as carbon source when it was cultured for 3 days,and it has an improvement about 67.6% compared with the origin.The mutant also has a good stability of descendiblity of L-serine producing.

Abstract:An oligotrophic bacteria was isolated from oligotrophic environment(Gurbantunggut desert)in Xinjiang.This paper had ascer- tained the relationship between the main factors such as strain growth,nutrition demand,and the yield and viscosity of extracellular polysae- charide(EPS)by carrying on the experiment of single factor optimized culture medium(C-source.inorganic salts,etc.);the experiment of optimized conditions for shaking culture(temperature,time,the initial pH,dissolve oxygen).The optimum conditions for exopolysaccha-ride production were as follows: using sucrose as the carbon source,CaCO₃2g/L,initial pH of 7, seed age of 72-84h,KH₂PO₄0.3g/L,MgSO₄0.1g/L,inoculation quantity of 15%,cultivation 72h at 37℃,and 50 mL medium in a 250 mL flask.Under the optimal condi-tions,the yield of exopolysaccharide may reach 1145.94μg/mL,and the viscosity of fermenting liquor may reach 9200 mPa·s.

Abstract:Optimal parameters of submerged fermentation for Antrodia camphorata were studied.According to the yield of Intracellular triter- pene,the optimal fermentation parameters were obtained as follows:40g/Lglucose,6 g/L soybean,1 g/L K₂HPO₄,0.5 g/L MgSO₄ and 100mg/L VB₁.The optimum cultural period was 6 d at 26℃in 250mL shake flasks at 100r/min.The best aeration ratio was 1:2.5(medi- um volume:flask volume).The inoculation volume was 20%.The intracellular triterpene of Antrodia camphorata was obtained(about 15.25mg/100mL) in the optimum culture.

Abstract:The recombinaut porcine insulin precursor(PIP)produced by Pichia pastoris in shake-flask and 501.fermenter was investigated respectively.The results indicated that 60h induction time length and 2.0%～2.5% methanol addition every day was optimum in shake- flask.The process in 50L fermenter was consisted of batch,feed-batch and induction phases.The relationship between dry cell weight(y) and culture time (t) in growth phase(batch and feed-batch phase)could be described by model y=0.6525e^0.1907t.Glycerol and ammonia were almost used for cell growth and maintain,and no by-product was observed in batch and fed-batch phase.Only 80% ammonia and 70% methanol were used by cell in induction phase. By comparison the results of shake-flask and 50L fermenter,it was concluded that the limit-ing factor in the fermentation of shake-flask and 50L fermenter was dissolved oxygen (DO) and carbon source,respectively. When scaling the result of shake-flask to 50L fermenter,the control strategy was adqpted for 50L fermenter by increasing the feed rate of methanol and the maximum PIP concentration reached 1.72g/L.

Abstract:A strain,Actinobacillus succinogenes CGMCC 1593,producing succinic acid was isolated from bovin rumen,which could pro- duces succinic acid by anaerobic fermentation.A series of morphological and biochemical characteristics and sequence analysis of 16S rDNA reveal that it belongs to Actinobacillus succinogenes.When cultured anaerobically in medium containing 60 g/L glucose as carbon source,the strain produces 25.8 g/L of succnic acid.

Abstract:Two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE)had been employed to compare the global protein patterns between low transformability Bacillus subtilis BR151 pm and wild strain BR151 p,and 28 protein spots were found to express differentially.Two protein spots which re- markably unexpressed in B.subtilis BR151pm were measured by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spec- trometry.With peptide mass fingerprinting,two protein spots were identified as Nin and RecA,which were directly involved in the develop-ment of natural competence in B.subtilis. The results determined that strain BR151pm was natural competence-deficient.

Abstract:ZK-I belongs to Bacillus sp.and shown strong antagonistic abilities to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and several plant pathogens,such as phytophthora sp,and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum etc.,in this paper,we reported the purification of the antifungal substances and some properities of antifungal compounds.After acid precipitation,silica gel chromatography,C₁₈ reversed-phase silica gel chromatogra- phy,we obtained four compounds and knew their peaks were all single by HPLC testing,Combined with MS and HPLC, we concluded that they are the homologous series of compounds,A is jiean-peptide A and the others were confirmed to the analog of Jiean-peptide A in struc-ture.

Abstract:Human bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein(hBPI)cDNA was amplified by reverse transcription(RT)and touchdown PCR(TD-PCR)from blood stem cells collected from healthy human of Uygur nationality in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China, and then was subcloned into pEGFP-N1 vector,hBPI cDNA sequence consists of 1,464bp.Comparison with other 4 hBPI cDNA sequences registered in GenBank identified 99% homology in DNA sequence.However,there were two base substitutions(nucleotide 576G→C,nu- clotide 676A→G),one of which resulted in an amino acid (residue 185 Lys→Glu).

Abstract:A Newcastle disease virus(NDV)field strain SGM01 was isolated from a broiler flock in high antibody level against NDV,and identified by HA,HI cross test and animal regression.SGM01 was determined as a virulent strain with MDT of 50.5h,ICPI of 1.76,IVPI of 2.41 after plaque-purification.The F and HN gene of SGM01 were cloned and sequenced.Analysis of F gene indicated that SGMOI be- longed to genotypeⅦ.The amino acid sequence ¹¹¹GGRQGRL¹¹⁷ in the F protein cleavage site in SGM01 strain is identical to virulent NDV.The homology analysis of F and HN gene sequences compared to reference stains from GenBank indicated that:The F protein amino acid se-quence has homologies of 87.7%～88.3% with published gene type Ⅱ strains LaSota and SQZ04 et al.,95.7%～98.2% with genotype Ⅶ strains Taiwan95、Yunnan03 et al., 91.8%～91.7% with genotype Ⅸ strains F₄₈E₉et al., While HN genes were compared,SGM01 demonstrated a higher homologies of 96.5%～97.2% with strains which were isolated in recent years,but lower homologies of 87.4% and 89.0% with LaSota and F₄₈E₉.

Abstract:According to the GenBank published sequence of equine west nile virus(WNV)E protein gene,a pair of primer was designed in order to amplify equine WNV partly E gene by RT-PCR.The fragment was 318bp in length and was cloned into pMD18-T-Vector.The positive clone was named pMD-E and was sequenced.Then it was sub-cloned into pET-32a(+).The recombinant pET32a-E plasmid, which includes the gene fragment of the equine WNV E protein,was transformed into E.coli BI21,and expressed about 33.1%.The ex- pressed product was about 32kD molecular weight by SDS-PAGE.The purified product could be recognized by positive serum of WNV by Wester-blotting. It was laid a foundation for developing an ELISA to detect equine WNV used the purified production as coated antigen.

Abstract:Partial immunoactivities of peptidoglycan(PG)isolated from lactic acid bacteria were investigated.PG isolated from strain Z8 and Z17 of lactic acid bacteria respectively,had similar immunoactivities.The phagocytic function of MΦ(macrophage)increased markedly and serum lysozyme activity was significantly enhanced by injection of PG-extracts on mice.Investigation of immuno-enhancing effects of PG on vaccine of Newcastle disease in chickens showed that the hemagglutination inhibition levels of PG were higher than that of the control and the level was maintained for a longer time as compared to the control.

Abstract:Acidolysis kinetics on the process of the hydrolysis acidification by using glucose as the only energy sources was researched.It was concluded that the acidolysis kinetics constants are V_max=8.45d^-1 and K_s=1089mg/L,under the circumstances of a temperature 37℃±0.5℃and the influent pH value 6.5.The results show that the rate of anaerobic acidification process is greater than that of completed an- aerobic or anoxic process.

Abstract:The anti-tumor activity of fermentation and the ethanol extraction of ten Polyprous fungi against human lung cancer cell NCI-H460 were determined by MTr method,the effect of medium and time for cultivation on the anti-tumor activity were studied.The results showed that the fermentation liquid of Onnia tomentosa and Ceizene unicolon and the mycelium ethanol extract of Formitopsis pinicola had obvious an- ti-tumor activity,the tumor inhibiting ratio of mycelium ethanol extract of Formitopsis pinicola cultivated in Potato-woodchipping medium was 88.87% at the concentration for 500μg/mL,and the inhibiting ration had little change when Formitopsis pinicola cultivated in different medi-um and for different days.

Abstract:Raising earthworms in boxes with excess sludge is conducted.It is concluded that excess sludge is eatable to earthworms ,and feeding condition is≤30cm filling thickness with fresh excess sludge each time,≤20cm up-filling thickness with rotten-lumpy excess sludge each time.

Abstract:Polyketides are very large group of natural products with functional and structural diversity.Most of them are produced by microor- ganism and have medicinal activities,including antibiotic,anticancer,antifungal and antiparasitic properties.The researchs in this area have progressed greatly.More and more polyketides are discovered,on the other hand the mechanisms of biosynthesis of those various polyketides are researched more deeply and clearly.The article reviewed the progress of the research in the diversity of polyketide synthases and the mechanisms of polyketide biosynthesise.

Abstract:Dissimilatory Fe(Ⅲ)reduction is the important process in Biogeochemical cycle.This paper gives a systematic introduction to the types of dissimilatory Fe(Ⅲ)reduction,mechanism of insoluble Fe(Ⅲ)oxidizes reduction and the advances of molecular biology in- volved in Fe(Ⅲ)reduction.The status of the applications of dissimilatory Fe(Ⅲ)reduction in environmental contaminant treatment were also discussed.

Abstract:Anaerobic ammonium oxidation(ANAMMOX)is a new process of nitrogen conversion that has prospect most currently.The AN- AMMOX process offers great opportunities to remove ammonia from wastewater without the addition of an external carbon source and with con- siderable less aeration costs in comparison with classical methods.ANAMMOX is a biologically mediated process.Three bacteria are identi- fied responsible for the process as new deep-branching planctomycete:Brocadia,Kuenenia and Scalindua.Described it to separate and the method,biochemistry path,the ecosystem physiology characteristic for authenticate and distribute.

Abstract:The leading bioregional pesticide,Bacillus thuringiensis,is accepted by the public and widely used biopesticide in the world.B. thuringiensis chitinase may contribute to the biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi and enhance insecticidal activity.It helps to take full advan- tage of Bt and upgrade the efficiency.This paper reviews the progresses of B.thuringiensis chitinase.

Abstract:Rhamnolipid,an important biosurfactant,is reviewed with respect to chemical strocture,properties,physiological role and their fermentation production,especially focusing on the production with inexpensive raw materials,such as vegetable oils and residues from agro- industrial wastes.This can not only reduce the production costs,but also contribute to the reduction of environmental impact generated by the discard of residues,and the treatment costs.

Abstract:It is significant for theory and application to study on marine microbial exopolysaccharides with differential structures and activities endowed by the specific marine environment.The recent progress of the research on the structures and bioactivities of marine microbial ex- opolysaccharides was reviewed,and the prospect of the research and development of the marine microbial exopolysaecharides was also expec- ted.

Abstract:The sorts of NMR were explained and the applications of NMR were illustrated with the examples in the field of microbial metabo- lism.The examples were related to metabolic engineering,environmental protection,and human and animal health,respectively.

Abstract:Multiplicity of signals and diversity of signaling pathways exist during the establishment of mycorrhizal associations together with the regulation of symbiosis-specific genes expression.This mechanism of signal recognition and transduction related with development process of the symbiont was reviewed at the molecular level.

Abstract:Magnetotactic bacteria can form uniform nanometer sized magnetic particles(megnetosomes)within the bacterial cells and each particle is enveloped in a membrane.The purified magnetosomes are compatible and less toxic to SD rat.It may be used as a carrier to link with certain antibiotics and larger molecular compounds for treatment of tumors.Here we described the properties of the magnetosnmes and the strategies for linking drugs.We also discussed the possibility to establish the system of targeted therapy for cancers using drug-loaded magnetosumes.

Abstract:Bacterial disease is still the important disease hazardous to health of human being and animals.The bacterial mutation technique is an important bacterial research technique,including traditional physical and chemical and biological method,and modern genetic mutation technique.The bacterial genetic mutation technique is one of the research focus in bacteriology nowadays,the mutation strategy varies with different kinds of genetic:mutation technique.The development and application of bacterial mutation technique offers new tools for research on new bacterial vaccine,bacterial genetic function and genetic therapy etc.

Abstract:Enforcing microbiology teaching and helping students gain comprehensive knowledge on microbiology have always been the goal for the teachers concerned,since microbiology plays an important role both in theory and in practical life.In microbiology teaching,how to stim- ulate students' interest is crucial to the teaching aim.This article mainly argues four items such as encouraging students participate in teach- ing,employing multimedia,optimizing contents of the textbook and integrating theory,and practice in that teaching.

Abstract:The professional skill schools started an activity,which is the important measure to popularize the strategy of“the science and education making our country prosper”,that is,the definition of professional skill and implement of institution of professional certificates.It is the development direction of professional education that implementing of the institution of double-certificates',creating the new mode of cultivating the individuals,and strengthening the tuition of students'skill to make the students to acquire the education diplomas and the pro-fessional certificates. This issue points out the way and some opinions in this work,in the terns that imploring practice of the identification of the professional skill of microorganism inspecting worker'and the joint of microorganism education reform.

Abstract:Problem-based learning(PBL)is an important part of creative education in medical colleges.Choice and design of cases are of the vital importance to success or failure of PBL course.To enhance students' ability of independent,creative thinking,and their ability of analyzing and solving problems,the roles of primitive cases and model cases as well as interrelation between them were discussed respective- ly.Moreover,five basic principles to be followed in model case design for PBL in Medical Microbiology and Human Parasitology,i.e. objec-tivity, flexibility,consistency,illumination and relevance,were proposed in this study.

Abstract:Microbiology is an important basic course of biological subject.Base on using different modern means,the teaching method was explored and attempted,such as quiz teaching,discussion teaching,inductive teaching and teaching check.It is possible for students to be- come main part for teaching course,and student enthusiasm for study was mobilized.

Abstract:To investigate the role of ERG6 gene in the growth rate and antifungal susceptibility,Aspergillus fumigatus strain with extra copies of ERG6 gene was constructed.Open reading frame (ORF) of putative ERG6 gene was searched in A.fumigatus genome.A PCR fragment, ERG6 ORF sandwiched by its flanking sequences (about 1 kb respectively),was amplified and was then subcloned into vector pRG-AMA1- NotI to produce a recombinant plasmid pERG6,which was further transformed into uracil auxotroph A.fumigatus strain AF293.1 to produce the transformant AF-empty as a control. Radial growth of the transformants was tested on minimal medium (MM) and YAG medi-um. Antifungal susceptibilities of these resulting transformants,AF-pERG6 and AF-empty. to the common antifungal agents were performed by using both disk diffusion and broth microdillution methods.A.fumigatus genome contains a ERG6 gene, of which the ORF size is 1 256 bp. Comparing to Candida albicans and Sacchromyces cerivisiae sterol methyltransferase,A. fumigatus Erg6p had 57% and 50% identity, and had 70% and 63% similarity in amino acid sequences,respectively. Radial growth of transformant AF-pERG6 was slower than that of transformant AF-empty. The antifungal susceptibilties of transformant AF-pERG6 to the antifungal drugs itraconazole,voriconazole,terbin-afine,amphotericin B, caspofungin and grisefolvin were same to that of transformant AF-empty. In A.fumigatus,extra copies of ERG6 gene have no effect on antifungal susceptibilities to itraconazole,voriconazole,terbinafine,amphotericin B, caspofungin and grisefolvin. Radial growth of A. fumigatus harboring extra copies of ERG6 gene becomes slower compared to the control.

Abstract:In order to increase the efficiency of algicidal bacteria isolation,The components of minimal medium for isolation of algicidal bacteria were tested for the effection growth of Microcystis aeruginosa DS and a modified minimal medium was established..The results indi- cated that glucose at the concentration of 0.1～0.4g/L in minimal medium inhibited the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa DS,and a modi- fied minimal medium was developed using sodium citrate instead of glucose as carbon sourse.On modified medium algicidal bacteria could be succesfully isolated directly from field sample in 1 week. Microcystis aeruginosa DS could grow ewll on modified medium and the algicidal materials were secreted into medium by bacteria and the growth medium could be directly used for algicidal test.

Abstract:We used 4 methods,such as ultrasonic crush(UC),ultrasonic rinse(UR),whorl surge(WS)and rubbing(RU),to isolate epiphytic bacteria from red alga Gracilaria lemaneiformis.Then,we counted bacteria numbers,detected bacterial species,observed bacterial configuration and characteristic of cell wall.Compared with these methods and with different treatments in one method,the results were drawn:the UR and RU were inferior in all methods to isolate bacterial numbers and species,the UC and WS were better,especially,the treatment 30W 30s of UC was the best in experiment,which isolated 12 of 16 bacterial species,and got 1.75 10⁶cells per gram wet weight G.lemaneiformis.