Microvesicle-encapsulated oncolytic virus: preparation, identification, and killing effect on Hepa 1-6 cells in vitro
Author:
  • Article
  • | |
  • Metrics
  • |
  • Reference [27]
  • |
  • Related [20]
  • | | |
  • Comments
    Abstract:

    [Background] Oncolytic virus therapy is a new direction in the research on tumor treatment, and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has attracted much attention because of its high biosafety and accurate targeting. However, viral clearance by neutralizing antibodies will weaken the sustained effect of oncolytic virus. The tumor cell-derived microvesicle delivery system is expected to break the above bottleneck. [Objective] To establish the tumor cell-derived microvesicle delivery system of oncolytic NDV and evaluate its antitumor effect in vitro. [Methods] Microvesicle-encapsulated NDV (MV@NDV) was extracted by differential centrifugation. The particle sizes of MV, NDV, and MV@NDV were measured by a particle size meter. The relative positions of MV and NDV in MV@NDV were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Western blotting (WB) was employed to determine the protein levels of Integrin β-1, Gpc 3, and Flotillin-1 of MV@NDV. Laser confocal microscopy was employed to observe MV@NDV 24 h post infection in Hepa 1-6 cells and the expression of NDV-HN protein in cells. An inverted microscope and the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) were used to examine the changes the morphology and viability of infected Hepa 1-6 cells 24, 48, and 72 h post infection, respectively. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and WB were employed to determine the mRNA levels of apoptosis-associated genes Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 and the protein level of Caspase-3, respectively, in the MV@NDV-infected Hepa 1-6 cells 24 h post infection. [Results] The particle sizes of MV, NDV, and MV@NDV were within the ranges of 141−342 nm, 91−825 nm, and 164−712 nm, respectively. WB results indicated that Integrin β-1, Gpc 3, and Flotillin-1 were expressed in MV@NDV. The Hepa 1-6 cells infected with MV@NDV and NDV showed red fluorescence and expressed NDV-HN protein. In addition, the viability of Hepa 1-6 cells decreased in the MV@NDV group compared with that in the NC group (P<0.05). The Hepa 1-6 cells in the MV@NDV group showed up-regulated mRNA levels of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 and up-regulated protein level of Caspase-3 compared with the NC group (P<0.05). [Conclusion] The successful construction of NDV microvesicle delivery system MV@NDV is expected to solve the bottleneck of therapeutic oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in the clinical translation, and provide new ideas and rationale for clinical NDV anti-tumor aspects.

    Reference
    [1] HARRINGTON K, FREEMAN DJ, KELLY B, HARPER J, SORIA JC. Optimizing oncolytic virotherapy in cancer treatment[J]. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2019, 18:689-706.
    [2] WATANABE N, McKENNA MK, ROSEWELL SHAW A, SUZUKI M. Clinical CAR-T cell and oncolytic virotherapy for cancer treatment[J]. Molecular Therapy, 2021, 29(2):505-520.
    [3] 李雪, 王华. 溶瘤病毒和自然杀伤细胞来源外泌体杀伤肿瘤作用的研究进展[J]. 中国药理学与毒理学杂志, 2023, 37(9):711-718.LI X, WANG H. Research progress in roles of oncolytic virus and natural killer cell-derived exosomes in killing tumors[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2023, 37(9):711-718(in Chinese).
    [4] LAWLER SE, SPERANZA MC, CHO CF, CHIOCCA EA. Oncolytic viruses in cancer treatment:a review[J]. JAMA Oncology, 2017, 3(6):841-849.
    [5] HUANG F, DAI CJ, ZHANG YN, ZHAO YQ, WANG YG, RU GQ. Development of molecular mechanisms and their application on oncolytic Newcastle disease virus in cancer therapy[J]. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 2022, 9:889403.
    [6] BOMMAREDDY PK, KAUFMAN HL. Unleashing the therapeutic potential of oncolytic viruses[J]. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2018, 128(4):1258-1260.
    [7] SCHWAGER SC, REINHART-KING CA. Mechanobiology of microvesicle release, uptake, and microvesicle- mediated activation[J]. Current Topics in Membranes, 2020, 86:255-278.
    [8] HE C, JAFFAR ALI D, XU HT, KUMARAVEL S, SI K, LI YM, SUN B, MA JQ, XIAO ZD. Epithelial cell-derived microvesicles:a safe delivery platform of CRISPR/Cas9 conferring synergistic anti-tumor effect with sorafenib[J]. Experimental Cell Research, 2020, 392(2):112040.
    [9] 谢舟颖, 袁一超, 熊友香, 孙巧仪, 朱新悦, 张纪平, 朱志红. 微囊泡在肿瘤中的研究进展[J]. 中南药学, 2022, 20(8):1757-1764.XIE ZY, YUAN YC, XIONG YX, SUN QY, ZHU XY, ZHANG JP, ZHU ZH. Research progress of microvesicle in tumor[J]. Central South Pharmacy, 2022, 20(8):1757-1764(in Chinese).
    [10] MARKOV OV, SEN'KOVA AV, MOHAMED IS, SHMENDEL EV, MASLOV MA, OSHCHEPKOVA AL, BRENNER EV, MIRONOVA NL, ZENKOVA MA. Dendritic cell-derived artificial microvesicles inhibit RLS40 lymphosarcoma growth in mice via stimulation of Th1/Th17 immune response[J]. Pharmaceutics, 2022, 14(11):2542.
    [11] MA R, LI ZL, CHIOCCA EA, CALIGIURI MA, YU JH. The emerging field of oncolytic virus-based cancer immunotherapy[J]. Trends in Cancer, 2023, 9(2):122-139.
    [12] ZHOU YC, ZHANG YN, YANG X, WANG SB, HU PY. Delivery systems for enhancing oncolytic adenoviruses efficacy[J]. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2020, 591:119971.
    [13] BERKELEY RA, STEELE LP, MULDER AA, van den WOLLENBERG DJM, KOTTKE TJ, THOMPSON J, COFFEY M, HOEBEN RC, VILE RG, MELCHER A, ILETT EJ. Antibody-neutralized reovirus is effective in oncolytic virotherapy[J]. Cancer Immunology Research, 2018, 6(10):1161-1173.
    [14] ZHU SL, LI SY, YI M, LI N, WU KM. Roles of microvesicles in tumor progression and clinical applications[J]. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 2021, 16:7071-7090.
    [15] LIU J, MA JW, TANG K, HUANG B. Therapeutic use of tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles[J]. Methods in Molecular Biology, 2017, 1660:433-440.
    [16] LI RX, HE YW, ZHU Y, JIANG LX, ZHANG SY, QIN J, WU Q, DAI WT, SHEN S, PANG ZQ, WANG JX. Route to rheumatoid arthritis by macrophage-derived microvesicle-coated nanoparticles[J]. Nano Letters, 2019, 19(1):124-134.
    [17] ZHANG SJ, CHEN LC, ZONG Y, LI QW, ZHU KK, LI ZY, MENG R. Research progress of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion[J]. Cancer Medicine, 2023, 12(2):983-994.
    [18] RAN L, TAN XH, LI YC, ZHANG HF, MA RH, JI TT, DONG WQ, TONG T, LIU YY, CHEN DG, YIN XN, LIANG XY, TANG K, MA JW, ZHANG Y, CAO XT, HU ZW, QIN XF, HUANG B. Delivery of oncolytic adenovirus into the nucleus of tumorigenic cells by tumor microparticles for virotherapy[J]. Biomaterials, 2016, 89:56-66.
    [19] SCHIRRMACHER V. Molecular mechanisms of anti-neoplastic and immune stimulatory properties of oncolytic Newcastle disease virus[J]. Biomedicines, 2022, 10(3):562.
    [20] D'ARCY MS. Cell death:a review of the major forms of apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy[J]. Cell Biology International, 2019, 43(6):582-592.
    [21] KOWALSKI S, KARSKA J, ŁAPIŃSKA Z, HETNAŁ B, SACZKO J, KULBACKA J. An overview of programmed cell death:apoptosis and pyroptosis- mechanisms, differences, and significance in organism physiology and pathophysiology[J]. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 2023, 124(6):765-784.
    [22] UNNISA A, GREIG NH, KAMAL MA. Inhibition of Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 mediated apoptosis:a multimodal therapeutic target in traumatic brain injury[J]. Current Neuropharmacology, 2023, 21(4):1001-1012.
    [23] ZHAO AQ, KONG FC, LIU CJ, YAN GX, GAO F, GUO H, GUO AY, CHEN ZC, LI QB. Tumor cell-derived microvesicles induced not epithelial- mesenchymal transition but apoptosis in human proximal tubular (HK-2) cells:implications for renal impairment in multiple myeloma[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2017, 18(3):513.
    [24] KALANTARI A, FARASHI BONAB S, KEYVANFAR H, MORTAZAVI P. Evaluation of apoptosis induction by Newcastle disease virus LaSota strain in human breast carcinoma cells[J]. Archives of Razi Institute, 2020, 75(3):367-376.
    [25] CHEN S, ZHANG QG, XU D, LI YQ, FAN YY, LI WJ, YIN XZ, ZHANG Y, LIU JW, LI X, SUN LL, JIN NY. Antitumor effect of the Newcastle disease viral hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene is expressed through an oncolytic adenovirus effect in osteosarcoma cells[J]. Anti-Cancer Drugs, 2018, 29(3):197-207.
    [26] XU R, GREENING DW, ZHU HJ, TAKAHASHI N, SIMPSON RJ. Extracellular vesicle isolation and characterization:toward clinical application[J]. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2016, 126(4):1152-1162.
    [27] RATAJCZAK MZ, RATAJCZAK J. Extracellular microvesicles/exosomes:discovery, disbelief, acceptance, and the future?[J]. Leukemia, 2020, 34:3126-3135.
    Cited by
    Comments
    Comments
    分享到微博
    Submit
Get Citation

WU Xing, ZHENG Tingting, LIANG Ying, TAO Weiyi, QIN Ying, FAN Xiaohui. Microvesicle-encapsulated oncolytic virus: preparation, identification, and killing effect on Hepa 1-6 cells in vitro[J]. Microbiology China, 2024, 51(5): 1754-1765

Copy
Share
Article Metrics
  • Abstract:137
  • PDF: 618
  • HTML: 325
  • Cited by: 0
History
  • Received:October 13,2023
  • Adopted:December 01,2023
  • Online: May 09,2024
  • Published: May 20,2024
Article QR Code