Diversity of bacteria and archaea in sediments of Longfeng wetland and Dangnai wetland and its response to environmental factors

Abstract:

[Background] Anthropogenic disturbance affects urban wetlands and natural wetlands to different degrees. [Objective] To study the differences of microbial diversity in sediments of two different types of wetlands. [Methods] The sediment samples of Longfeng wetland and Dangnai wetland were collected in winter and summer. The bacterial and archaeal community structures were determined via high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. The differences of bacteria and archaea between the two wetlands and the correlations between environmental factors and microorganisms were analyzed. [Results] The abundance of Thiobacillus, Bacillus, and Sphingomonas in the sediment of Longfeng wetland was higher than that of Dangnai wetland (P<0.05). The abundance of Methanoregula in Dangnai wetland was higher than that in Longfeng wetland. Anaerolinea and Methanosarcina had higher abundance in the sediment of Dangnai wetland than in Longfeng wetland in winter (P<0.05). [Conclusion] The differences between Longfeng wetland and Dangnai wetland mainly affect the abundance of methanogenic archaea and bacteria involved in element cycling in the sediment. Human disturbance and low temperature can reduce the diversity of microorganisms in the wetlands, and pH, salinity, and alkaline phosphatase are the main environmental factors that significantly affect the microbial diversity.