Isolation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility test of the pathogen from largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) with white skin disease
Author:
  • Article
  • | |
  • Metrics
  • |
  • Reference [39]
  • |
  • Related
  • | | |
  • Comments
    Abstract:

    [Background] In recent years, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) has been prone to white skin disease during seed stage in Guangdong, Guangxi, and other places, with the symptoms obviously different from those reported clinically, which seriously endangers the production of largemouth bass seeds. [Objective] To provide scientific reference for the research and treatment of white skin disease of largemouth bass, we identified the pathogen and analyzed its growth characteristics, virulence factors, pathogenicity, and antibiotic susceptibility as well as the fish histopathological changes caused by it. [Methods] The pathogen was isolated from the focus of largemouth bass suffering from white skin disease and identified based on the morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical indexes, and 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis. Further, the growth curve of the strain was established, and the effects of temperature, pH, and salinity on the growth were analyzed. The activities of virulence factors were detected by plate method, and the virulence genes were screened out by PCR method. The pathogenicity of the strain and histopathological changes caused by it were confirmed by immersion challenge experiments. The susceptibility of strain to 10 antibiotics and 6 disinfectants commonly used in aquaculture was determined with microdilution method. [Results] The dominant strain ZJS18004 was isolated from the largemouth bass with white skin disease, which was identified as Aeromonas veronii. The optimum growth conditions of ZJS18004 were 30 °C, pH 8.0, and salinity 5‰. The growth curve at 30 °C showed that 0–1 h and 1–5 h were the retardation phase and logarithmic phase, respectively. Strain ZJS18004 caused hemolysis, had protease and lipase activities, and carried six virulence genes including aer, act, fla, ahyB, exu, and lip. The results of challenge experiments showed that ZJS18004 had strong pathogenicity to healthy largemouth bass at 23 °C, 28 °C, and 33 °C. The tested fish exhibited disease signs similar to those in natural infections. The pathogenicity was closely correlated with the bacterial concentration and water temperature. The infection of ZJS18004 caused obvious pathological damage such as muscle tissue lysis and necrosis of the liver, spleen, and kidney. The antimicrobial susceptibility assay revealed that ZJS18004 was susceptible to doxycycline hyclate, neomycin sulphate, thiamphenicol, and florfenicol. Six commonly used aquatic disinfectants had certain bactericidal effects on ZJS18004 in vitro, among which trichloroisocyanuric acid ranked first, followed by benzalkonium bromide. [Conclusion] A. veronii was the major pathogen of white skin disease attacking largemouth bass. The results of the present study will build a solid foundation for further analyzing the pathogenic mechanism of A. veronii and carrying out the research on accurate prevention and control.

    Reference
    [1] 苏胜彦, 张林兵, 李海洋, 郜灿, 贺鑫晋, 田灿, 李建林, 王美垚, 唐永凯. 基于微卫星标记的大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)原种和养殖群体遗传多样性和结构分析[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2020, 46(6): 687-698 Su SY, Zhang LB, Li HY, Gao C, He XJ, Tian C, Li JL, Wang MY, Tang YK. Genetic diversity and structure analyses of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) original and cultured populations based on microsatellite markers[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University: Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2020, 46(6): 687-698 (in Chinese)
    [2] Sun CF, Li J, Dong JJ, Niu YC, Hu J, Lian JM, Li WH, Li J, Tian YY, Shi Q, et al. Chromosome-level genome assembly for the largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides provides insights into adaptation to fresh and brackish water[J]. Molecular Ecology Resources, 2021, 21(1): 301-315
    [3] 农业农村部渔业渔政管理局. 2021中国渔业统计年鉴[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2021: 33 Bureau of Fisheries of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. 2021 China Fishery Statistical Yearbook[M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2021: 33 (in Chinese)
    [4] 夏焱春, 曹铮, 蔺凌云, 潘晓艺, 姚嘉赟, 刘忆瀚, 尹文林, 沈锦玉. 大口黑鲈主要病害研究进展[J]. 中国动物检疫, 2018, 35(9): 72-76 Xia YC, Cao Z, Lin LY, Pan XY, Yao JY, Liu YH, Yin WL, Shen JY. Research progress on main diseases of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)[J]. China Animal Health Inspection, 2018, 35(9): 72-76 (in Chinese)
    [5] Ghenghesh KS, Ahmed SF, El-Khalek RA, Al-Gendy A, Klena J. Aeromonas-associated infections in developing countries[J]. Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2008, 2(2): 81-98
    [6] Silver AC, Williams D, Faucher J, Horneman AJ, Gogarten JP, Graf J. Complex evolutionary history of the Aeromonas veronii group revealed by host interaction and DNA sequence data[J]. PLoS One, 2011, 6(2): e16751
    [7] 康元环, 张冬星, 杨滨僮, 张贺亮, 孙武文, 单晓枫, 钱爱东. 维氏气单胞菌最新研究进展[J]. 中国人兽共患病学报, 2018, 34(5): 452-459, 465 Kang YH, Zhang DX, Yang BT, Zhang HL, Sun WW, Shan XF, Qian AD. Latest research progress on Aeromonas veronii[J]. Chinese Journal of Zoonoses, 2018, 34(5): 452-459, 465 (in Chinese)
    [8] 张德锋, 刘礼辉, 李宁求, 任燕, 林强, 石存斌, 吴淑勤. 我国南方地区鱼源气单胞菌不同种类的流行特征[J]. 水产科学, 2015, 34(11): 673-682 Zhang DF, Liu LH, Li NQ, Ren Y, Lin Q, Shi CB, Wu SQ. Epidemic characteristics of different species of aeromonas in diseased fish in Southern China[J]. Fisheries Science, 2015, 34(11): 673-682 (in Chinese)
    [9] Uzun E, Ogut H. The isolation frequency of bacterial pathogens from sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in the Southeastern Black Sea[J]. Aquaculture, 2015, 437: 30-37
    [10] 邓国成, 谢骏, 李胜杰, 白俊杰, 陈昆慈, 马冬梅, 江小燕, 劳海华. 大口黑鲈病毒性溃疡病病原的分离和鉴定[J]. 水产学报, 2009, 33(5): 871-877 Deng GC, Xie J, Li SJ, Bai JJ, Chen KC, Ma DM, Jiang XY, Lao HH. Isolation and preliminary identification of the pathogen from largemouth bass ulcerative syndrome[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2009, 33(5): 871-877 (in Chinese)
    [11] 马冬梅, 邓国成, 白俊杰, 李胜杰, 江小燕, 杨小静. 大口黑鲈肝脾肿大病病原研究[J]. 中国水产科学, 2011, 18(3): 654-660 Ma DM, Deng GC, Bai JJ, Li SJ, Jiang XY, Yang XJ. Pathogeny of disease characterized by swollen liver and spleen in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2011, 18(3): 654-660 (in Chinese)
    [12] Ma DM, Deng GC, Bai JJ, Li SJ, Yu LY, Quan YC, Yang XJ, Jiang XY, Zhu ZM, Ye X. A strain of Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus causes high mortality among cultured largemouth bass in South China[J]. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 2013, 25(3): 197-204
    [13] 龙波, 王均, 贺扬, 赵敏, 王二龙, 崔静雯, 邓绿洲, 刘韬, 曾宇鲲, 汪开毓, 等. 加州鲈源维氏气单胞菌的分离、鉴定及致病性[J]. 中国兽医学报, 2016, 36(1): 48-55 Long B, Wang J, He Y, Zhao M, Wang EL, Cui JW, Deng LZ, Liu T, Zeng YK, Wang KY, et al. Isolation, identification and pathogenicity of Aeromonas veronii isolated from Micropterus salmoides[J]. Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science, 2016, 36(1): 48-55 (in Chinese)
    [14] 赵武义. 加州鲈源维氏气单胞菌的鉴定与分析[D]. 雅安: 四川农业大学硕士学位论文, 2018 Zhao WY. Identincation and whole genome sequencing of Aeromonas veronii from Micropterus salmoides[D]. Ya’an: Master’s Thesis of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2018 (in Chinese)
    [15] 杨超, 董浚键, 刘志刚, 孙成飞, 赵飞, 叶星. 大口黑鲈源维氏气单胞菌的分离鉴定[J]. 南方水产科学, 2021, 17(3): 54-61 Yang C, Dong JJ, Liu ZG, Sun CF, Zhao F, Ye X. Isolation and identification of Aeromonas veronii from diseased Micropterus salmoides[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2021, 17(3): 54-61 (in Chinese)
    [16] Pei C, Song HL, Zhu L, Qiao D, Yan Y, Li L, Zhao XL, Zhang J, Jiang XY, Kong XH. Identification of Aeromonas veronii isolated from largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and histopathological analysis[J]. Aquaculture, 2021, 540: 736707
    [17] Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. Methods for antimicrobial dilution and disk Susceptibility Testing of Infrequently Isolated or Fastidious Bacteria: M45A-A2[M]. Wayne, Pennsylvania, USA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2010: 12-13
    [18] Borrell N, Acinas SG, Figueras MJ, Martínez-Murcia AJ. Identification of Aeromonas clinical isolates by restriction fragment length polymorphism of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes[J]. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 1997, 35(7): 1671-1674
    [19] Yáñez MA, Catalán V, Apráiz D, Figueras MJ, Martínez-Murcia AJ. Phylogenetic analysis of members of the genus Aeromonas based on gyrB gene sequences[J]. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2003, 53(Pt 3): 875-883
    [20] 莫金凤, 姜兰, 吴灶和. 乌鳢源舒伯特气单胞菌生物学特性及其药物敏感性分析[J]. 水产学报, 2016, 40(3): 484-494 Mo JF, Jiang L, Wu ZH. Biological characteristics and drug susceptibility of Aeromonas schubertii WL-4 isolated from snakehead[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2016, 40(3): 484-494 (in Chinese)
    [21] Zhao F, He S, Tan AP, Guo XZ, Jiang L, Cui LF, Deng YT, Zhang RQ. Isolation, identification and character analysis of Streptococcus dysgalactiae from Megalobrama terminalis[J]. Journal of Fish Diseases, 2020, 43(2): 239-252
    [22] 何山, 谭爱萍, 姜兰, 赵飞, 刘付翠, 张瑞泉, 邓玉婷. 四株杂交鳢致病性舒伯特气单胞菌特性及致病性比较[J]. 微生物学通报, 2019, 46(10): 2630-2644 He S, Tan AP, Jiang L, Zhao F, Liu FC, Zhang RQ, Deng YT. Comparative on characteristics and pathogenicity of four strains of Aeromonas schubertii isolated from snakehead hybrid[J]. Microbiology China, 2019, 46(10): 2630-2644 (in Chinese)
    [23] Nawaz M, Khan SA, Khan AA, Sung K, Tran Q, Kerdahi K, Steele R. Detection and characterization of virulence genes and integrons in Aeromonas veronii isolated from catfish[J]. Food Microbiology, 2010, 27(3): 327-331
    [24] 汪开毓, 范方玲, 肖丹, 牟巧凤, 黄锦炉. 鱼源维氏气单胞菌的生物特性和基因分型[J]. 中国兽医科学, 2011, 41(4): 367-374 Wang KY, Fan FL, Xiao D, Mou QF, Huang JL. Biological characteristics and genotyping of Aeromonas veronii from fish[J]. Chinese Veterinary Science, 2011, 41(4): 367-374 (in Chinese)
    [25] 单晓枫, 康元环, 夏京津, 龙继兵, 陈龙, 王惠, 曹亮, 孟庆峰, 钱爱东. 不同动物源性维氏气单胞菌生物学特性比较研究[J]. 中国兽医杂志, 2015, 51(3): 82-85 Shan XF, Kang YH, Xia JJ, Long JB, Chen L, Wang H, Cao L, Meng QF, Qian AD. Comparative studies on biological characteristics of Aeromonas veronii from different hosts[J]. Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2015, 51(3): 82-85 (in Chinese)
    [26] Chen F, Sun JF, Han ZR, Yang XJ, Xian JN, Lyu AJ, Hu XC, Shi HY. Isolation, identification and characteristics of Aeromonas veronii from diseased crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2019, 10: 2742
    [27] 罗志飞, 胡萌, 陆承平, 刘永杰. 3株嗜水气单胞菌弱毒株的毒力相关特性分析[J]. 中国兽医学报, 2012, 32(1): 48-51, 57 Luo ZF, Hu M, Lu CP, Liu YJ. Virulence-associated characterization analysis of three strains of Aeromonas hydrophila[J]. Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science, 2012, 32(1): 48-51, 57 (in Chinese)
    [28] 贺扬, 华丽, 汪开毓, 陈德芳, 王均, 王二龙, 王兴丽, 杨倩, 吴学婧, 何洁, 等. 高致病性维氏气单胞菌胞外产物对斑点鮰的致病性[J]. 水产学报, 2016, 40(3): 457-467 He Y, Hua L, Wang KY, Chen DF, Wang J, Wang EL, Wang XL, Yang Q, Wu XJ, He J, et al. Investigation on the pathogenicity of extracellular products of a high virulence Aeromonas veronii strain isolated from Ictalurus punctatus[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2016, 40(3): 457-467 (in Chinese)
    [29] 任燕, 高彩霞, 曾伟伟, 王庆, 王英英, 李莹莹, 尹纪元, 常藕琴, 石存斌. 两株草鱼源维氏气单胞菌菌株的主要表型特征及致病力比较[J]. 中国预防兽医学报, 2019, 41(2): 145-150 Ren Y, Gao CX, Zeng WW, Wang Q, Wang YY, Li YY, Yin JY, Chang OQ, Shi CB. Pathogenicity and main phenotype characteristics of two Aeromonas veronii isolated from diseased grass carp[J]. Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2019, 41(2): 145-150 (in Chinese)
    [30] 单晓枫, 张海月, 孙武文, 康元环, 陈龙, 张冬星, 安鼎杰, 田佳鑫, 钱爱东. 青虾源维氏气单胞菌胞外产物生物学特性及蛋白成分分析[J]. 中国兽医杂志, 2017, 53(4): 105-107, 124 Shan XF, Zhang HY, Sun WW, Kang YH, Chen L, Zhang DX, An DJ, Tian JX, Qian AD. Bioactivity analysis of extracellular products of Aeromonas veronii strain isolated from freshwater shrimp[J]. Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2017, 53(4): 105-107, 124 (in Chinese)
    [31] 高彩霞, 任燕, 王庆, 曾伟伟, 李莹莹, 王英英, 常藕琴, 石存斌, 张德锋, 方珍珍. 草鱼源致病性维氏气单胞菌的分离鉴定及药物敏感性分析[J]. 安徽农业大学学报, 2018, 45(3): 409-415 Gao CX, Ren Y, Wang Q, Zeng WW, Li YY, Wang YY, Chang OQ, Shi CB, Zhang DF, Fang ZZ. Isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogenic Aeromonas veronii isolated from grass carp[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University, 2018, 45(3): 409-415 (in Chinese)
    [32] 朱若林, 马腾, 陈露, 崔晓羽, 张嫣然, 孙创, 彭开松, 张晓华, 鲍传和. 鳙鱼维氏气单胞菌的分离鉴定及其毒力基因检测[J]. 安徽农业大学学报, 2017, 44(2): 229-233 Zhu RL, Ma T, Chen L, Cui XY, Zhang YR, Sun C, Peng KS, Zhang XH, Bao CH. Isolation, identification and virulence genes detection of Aeromonas veronii from Aristichthys nobilis[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University, 2017, 44(2): 229-233 (in Chinese)
    [33] Sun JJ, Zhang XJ, Gao XJ, Jiang Q, Wen Y, Lin L. Characterization of virulence properties of Aeromonas veronii isolated from diseased gibel carp (Carassius gibelio)[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2016, 17(4): 496
    [34] 田浪, 温贵兰, 张升波, 杨佰启, 李昌红, 徐丽, 林汉卿, 管国丹. 斑点叉尾鮰源致病性维氏气单胞菌的分离与生物学特性鉴定[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2018, 45(11): 3203-3210 Tian L, Wen GL, Zhang SB, Yang BQ, Li CH, Xu L, Lin HQ, Guan GD. Isolation and biological characterization of the pathogenic Aeromonas veronii from Ictalurus punctatus[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2018, 45(11): 3203-3210 (in Chinese)
    [35] Shameena SS, Kumar K, Kumar S, Kumar S, Rathore G. Virulence characteristics of Aeromonas veronii biovars isolated from infected freshwater goldfish (Carassius auratus)[J]. Aquaculture, 2020, 518: 734819
    [36] Abrami L, Fivaz M, Glauser PE, Sugimoto N, Zurzolo C, Van Der Goot FG. Sensitivity of polarized epithelial cells to the pore-forming toxin aerolysin[J]. Infection and Immunity, 2003, 71(2): 739-746
    [37] Krzymińska S, Mokracka J, Koczura R, Ćwiertnia A, Kaznowski A. Aeromonas spp.-mediated cell-contact cytotoxicity is associated with the presence of type III secretion system[J]. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 2012, 101(2): 243-251
    [38] Merino S, Wilhelms M, Tomás JM. Role of Aeromonas hydrophila flagella glycosylation in adhesion to Hep-2 cells, biofilm formation and immune stimulation[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2014, 15(12): 21935-21946
    [39] Cascón A, Yugueros J, Temprano A, Sánchez M, Hernanz C, Luengo JM, Naharro G. A major secreted elastase is essential for pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila[J]. Infection and Immunity, 2000, 68(6): 3233-3241
    Related
    Cited by
    Comments
    Comments
    分享到微博
    Submit
Get Citation

TAN Aiping, ZHAO Fei, GUO Zhongbao, DENG Yuting, ZHANG Ruiquan, LAI Yingtiao, HUANG Zhibin, JIANG Lan. Isolation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility test of the pathogen from largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) with white skin disease[J]. Microbiology China, 2022, 49(5): 1741-1758

Copy
Share
Article Metrics
  • Abstract:324
  • PDF: 921
  • HTML: 950
  • Cited by: 0
History
  • Received:September 19,2021
  • Adopted:October 27,2021
  • Online: May 05,2022
Article QR Code