Emerging roles of commensal bacteria in skin health and diseases

Abstract:

Human skin is colonized by diverse microorganisms,whose composition,distribution,and dynamic changes play an important role in regulating skin health and diseases.However,it is still unclear how skin microbial community influences human health.In-depth research on skin commensal bacteria can help discover beneficial strains and screen out new drug targets for corresponding skin diseases.In recent years,there has been an explosion of research on the interaction of skin commensal bacteria with host cells and the mechanism.This review aims to sum up the latest findings on skin commensal bacteria.First,we summarized the distribution and basic community composition of skin commensal bacteria and their antimicrobial,anti-inflammatory,immunomodulatory,and anticancer functions in maintaining skin health.Then we elaborated the latest discoveries on how skin microbiota dysbiosis is associated and involved in the pathogenesis of several skin diseases,including psoriasis,acne,rosacea,and systemic scleroderma.Finally,we discussed the close mutual regulation between skin commensal bacteria and intestinal flora through intestine-skin axis.In summary,balanced skin microbiota is crucial for skin health,and the host-skin commensal bacteria interaction mechanism should be comprehensively understood to design skin microorganisms-targeted drugs for skin diseases.