Characteristics of anammox bacteria and the interaction with other bacteria in anammox community: a review

Abstract:

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria, which convert NH₄⁺ and NO₂^- or NO into NO₃^- and N₂ under anaerobic conditions, feature high efficiency and low energy consumption in the treatment of low carbon-nitrogen ratio wastewater, thus attracting great attention. At present, pure culture of anammox bacteria has not been realized, and there has been an explosion of research on anammox bacteria and the interaction with other bacteria in anammox community by meta-omics approaches. In this paper, we introduced the taxa and characteristics of anammox bacteria, reviewed the nitrogen metabolism and carbon metabolism of them, discussed the interaction of them with other bacteria in the anammox community in metabolism and information exchange which are important for the stability of the community, and finally summarized the future research directions. The result is expected to serve as a reference for in-depth study of the interaction between anammox bacteria and other bacteria in the community and establishment of stable and efficient nitrogen-removing systems with anammox bacteria.