Sources and influence factors of fecal indicator bacteria in coastal beaches: a review

Abstract:

Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) such as Escherichia coli, Enterococcus and thermotolerant Escherichia coli are indicator microorganisms used to indicate the degree of pollution in water bodies, but recent studies have shown that beaches have gradually become an important repository of FIB. Microbial source tracking technology are widely used to trace the source of FIB pollution on beaches, but the survival mechanism of FIB after entering the beach is unclear. Therefore, the influencing factors on survival of FIB on the beach are still the current research focus. This article reviews the sources of FIB in coastal and beach ecosystems, and analyzes influencing factors such as non-biological factors, biological factors, and interstitial flow that affect the survival of FIB. In addition, suggestions are provided addressing the potential risks of FIB to human health in the beach environment.