Microbial immobilization in environmental pollution treatment: a review

Abstract:

The microbial immobilization technology is widely used in food processing, light chemical engineering and environmental protection for its high microbial density, excellent bioactivity, strong environmental adaptability and reusability. In this paper, the microbial immobilization technology is reviewed. Then, the application progress is emphatically explained by analyzing practical cases in the treatment of polluted water, soil and atmosphere. The studies found that the carrier can improve system loading and efficiency of water treatment by providing the microenvironment and suitable niche to different microorganisms in the water environment. In the soil environment, it is important to improve the bioavailability of pollutants for improving the efficiency of treatment. In the air environment, the mechanical strength and mass transfer capacity of the carrier are required. Finally, the characteristics and advantages of the microbial immobilization technology are compared and summarized to guideline its future application in the treatments of polluted environment.