Fungal community diversity and structure in rhizosphere soil of different crops in the arid zone of central Ningxia

Abstract:

[Background] The arid zone in central Ningxia is characterized by perennial water shortage, sparse vegetation, serious desertification and fragile ecological environment. Land desertification leads to the decline of land productivity and restricts the development of agriculture in this area. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the farmland ecological environment in the arid zone of central Ningxia. [Objective] In order to provides basic data and theoretical basis for the rational utilization and development of land resources and the further study of soil fungal diversity in arid areas. [Methods] This research used Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology to study the species and diversity of soil fungi, and analyze the fungal diversity index and community structure. [Results] Among the five treatments, fungi species were abundant and richness index had no difference. The diversity index of fungi was highest in Zhangzagu No. 5 millet and lowest in quinoa, and there were significant differences. Ascomycota was the most dominant phylum in the rhizosphere soil of different crops, and the relative abundance ranged from 73.00% to 89.14%, which was much larger than the subdominant phylum——Basidiomycota (3.9%?16.5%) and showed a very obvious advantage; Apart from that Acremonium and Schizothecium were common dominant genera. Through DCA correspondence analysis and correlation analysis, it was found that soil available phosphorus and soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen affected the structure and functional diversity of soil fungi community. The change of soil microbial community structure and functional diversity was the result of interaction between soil physical and chemical properties and microorganisms. [Conclusion] The soil nutrients of recreational and crop-growing farmland can be increased in different degrees, the soil pH decreases, and the fungal community structure and diversity change. It shows that rational farmland use is conducive to enriching the structure and diversity of soil microbial community, improving soil characteristics, and then promoting the stability of soil ecosystem in the region, and improving the rational utilization of farmland land resources.