Diversity analysis of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in typical habitats by high throughput sequencing

Abstract:

[Background] Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) is one of the important processes of nitrogen cycling. Previous studies have confirmed that anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria existed in various habitats, but there is no comprehensive understanding about their ecological distribution. [Objective] In this paper, we analyzed the diversity distribution of anammox bacteria in multiple habitats. This study will demonstrate the characteristics of community structure of anammox bacteria in different habitats and will illuminate the relationship between diversity distribution and environmental factors. [Methods] Based on the established anammox bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence database, high throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the diversity distribution of anammox bacteria in different habitat. [Results] The diversity of anammox bacteria in mangrove, bay and estuary habitats were relatively higher than that of sludge and red soil. Anammox bacteria in these habitats were dominated by Candidatus Brocadia, Ca. Scalindua and unclassified genes based on the phylogenetic analysis. From river to mangrove, the dominant species of Anammoxers shifted from Ca. Brocadia to Ca. Scalindua with the increase of salinity, and redundancy analysis showed that salinity was an important factor in shaping the community of anammox bacteria. [Conclusion] The community structure of anammox bacteria is different in different habitat, and environmental differences directly affected the population distribution and the evolution of anammox bacteria.