New era of gene editing driven by CRISPR-Cas9

Abstract:

During long-term evolution of life in nature, bacteria and archaea have developed anadaptive defense system called clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat sequences and CRISPR-associated genes (CRISPR-Cas) that protect organisms from invading viruses and plasmids. It has been recently used as a powerful gene-editing tool in a wide variety of important organisms. In this review, we summarize recent progresses on CRISPR–Cas9 system and its applications to gene editing, gene regulation, and in vitro DNA manipulations used as a programmable molecular clone tool.