微生物菌肥在植物减肥增效中的应用研究进展:以果树为例

Research progress in the application of microbial fertilizers in chemical fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase in orcharding

摘要:

在国内外积极发展绿色农业的背景下，生产绿色优质农产品已成为当今农业绿色发展新趋势。然而，果树栽培中仍存在化肥农药过量施用的问题，造成农田生态环境严重污染，果实品质下降，进而危害人体健康。微生物菌肥是一类能够改良土壤生态、促进植物生长发育的新型绿色肥料，含有多种有益活性微生物，有助于改善农田生态环境，提高果实产量和品质，实现植物种植减肥增效。以往有关微生物菌肥的研究多局限于少数几种菌或单一植物领域，缺乏对微生物菌肥作用机制及功效的系统探讨。本文综合梳理了微生物菌肥改良土壤生态和提高植物抗病/抗逆的作用机制，并以果树为例，重点阐述微生物菌肥在提高果实产量和品质、改善农业生态环境的应用，同时指出技术瓶颈，提出新的研究思路和方向，为改善农业生态环境、促进现代农业可持续发展提供理论指导。

Abstract:

The production of green and high-quality agricultural products has become a new trend, especially in the context of developing green agriculture. However, the excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides in orcharding has caused severe pollution of the farmland environment, resulting in low-quality fruits and posing a threat to human health. Microbial fertilizers are a new type of green fertilizers that contain beneficial microorganisms to enhance soil ecology, promote plant development, and increase productivity and can reduce the application of chemical fertilizers. Although the current research on microbial fertilizers is limited to a few microbial species and single crops, the studies have shown the potential of microbial fertilizers in improving soil, yield, and plant quality, while the mechanisms and effectiveness of these fertilizers need systematic investigation. Therefore, this article reviews the mechanisms of microbial fertilizers in improving soil ecology and enhancing plant resistance to disease and stress. Taking fruit trees as an example, we focus on the application of microbial fertilizers in improving the fruit yield and quality as well as the agricultural environment. In addition, we discuss the technical bottlenecks and put forward new research ideas and directions, aiming to provide theoretical references for improving the agricultural environment and promoting sustainable agricultural development.