细菌组氨酸激酶的信号转导机制及其在逆境响应中的作用

Bacterial histidine kinases: signal transduction mechanisms and roles in stress responses

摘要:

组氨酸激酶参与的信号转导途径在细菌响应逆境过程中发挥了重要作用。经过60多年的研究，人们在多种细菌中发现了组氨酸激酶。细菌组氨酸激酶分为11个家族，每个家族涵盖多个类型。它们通过一步磷酸化或多步级联磷酸化的调节方式完成信号转导过程，调控多种逆境响应相关的基因表达，由此形成复杂而多样的信号感知系统。这使得细菌能够有效地响应温度变化、适应抗生素压力、产生毒力、顺应酸性环境和抵抗有机化合物胁迫等过程。通过综述组氨酸激酶的作用和机制，为理解细菌的生存策略和适应性提供见解，有助于拓展组氨酸激酶在生物学、医学和小分子检测等领域的应用研究。

Abstract:

Histidine kinases are a crucial class of protein kinases involved in signal transduction pathways, playing a key role in bacterial responses to environmental stress. After more than 60 years of research, researchers have identified histidine kinases in a variety of bacteria. Bacterial histidine kinases are classified into 11 families, each encompassing multiple types. They accomplish the signal transduction process through one-step phosphorylation or multi-step cascading phosphorylation, thus regulating the expression of genes associated with stress responses and forming complex and diverse signal perception systems. This enables bacteria to effectively respond to temperature changes, adapt to antibiotic pressure, produce virulence, acclimate to acidic environments, and resistance to organic compounds. This review provides insights into the roles and mechanisms of histidine kinases, bacterial survival strategies and adaptability and facilitating the research on the application of histidine kinases in biology, medicine, and detection of small molecules.